SWIM模型在东北黑土区流域的适用性评价——以乌裕尔河中上游流域为例

doi:10.11821/dlxb201703008

Abstract

Abstract:

The black soil region of Northeast China is an important national commodity grain base. The Wuyuer River Basin is a typical black soil region and agricultural area in Northeast China. In this paper, a SWIM (Soil and Water Integrated Model) was constructed to study the applicability in the middle and upper reaches of the Wuyuer River Basin. Based on observed daily runoff data from a local hydrologic station and evaporating dish weather data from 1961-1997, the model was validated using multiple criteria and sites. Special attention was paid to the use of both spatial information (potential evapotranspiration) and more commonly used observations of water discharge at the basin outlet to validate the model. The applicability of the SWIM is evaluated using the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient and the relative error of runoff. Based on this analysis, the study discusses the applicability of the SWIM model in the black soil region of Northeast China, and the associated errors and causes. The study reached three key conclusions. First, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients of monthly runoff and daily runoff are greater than 0.71 and 0.55, respectively; the relative error of runoff is less than 6.0%. The simulation efficiency of the SWIM for both monthly runoff and daily runoff satisfies the assessment requirements, but the simulation efficiency of daily runoff is not ideal, and the simulation is more accurate for monthly runoff than daily runoff. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient of monthly evapotranspiration is more than 0.81. Second, the calibrated monthly SWIM model can be used to conduct different runoff simulations and analyses in the black soil region of Northeast China. Third, the study identified structural elements of the model that may limit some uses in the black soil region of Northeast China. The simulated values of spring flood runoff were less than the observed values; and the yearlong simulated results with spring and summer floods were poor. In years with a sudden increase in annual precipitation, the simulated results of the annual runoff were several times of the measured value. However, the model can fundamentally reproduce the flow change process during the flood season. The simulation results have an important reference value to study the impact of land-use change and climate change on hydrological processes at the regional scale. It can provide hydrological information to support the integrated management of the basin water environment, as well as other watersheds in the black soil region.

Key words: SWIM model, sensitivity analysis, runoff, evapotranspiration, applicability assessment, Wuyuer River Basin

Zhiyuan YANG, Chao GAO, Shuying ZANG, Xiuchun YANG. Assessing SWIM model applicability in the black soil region of Northeast China: A case study in the middle and upper reaches of the Wuyuer River Basin[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(3): 457-470.

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集水区面积(km²)	子流域个数(个)	水文单元数量(个)	年均径流量(m³/s)	R值	效率系数E
90	93	1206	29.88	0.834	0.39
100	37	653	29.27	0.896	0.43
140	29	577	27.69	0.898	0.47
150	27	556	27.73	0.899	0.48
160	27	556	27.67	0.898	0.48
170	25	525	29.30	0.898	0.46

参数代码	参数含义	取值范围	参数值	泾河上游流域参数取值
thc	土壤蒸发修正系数	0.5~1.5	0.7	1.6
CN	SCS曲线形参数	10~100	70	-
bff	流域基流修正系数	0.2~1.0	0.7	0.01
gwq0	土壤初始含水量贡献率	0.01~1.0	0.03	0.5
abf0	地下水回流速率	0.001~1.0	0.001	0.001
roc2	汇流系数	1~100	1.5	0.5
roc4	汇流系数	1~100	3	2
sccor	土壤饱和传导率校正因子	0.01~10	1.8	5

Assessing SWIM model applicability in the black soil region of Northeast China: A case study in the middle and upper reaches of the Wuyuer River Basin

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