汉江上游黄土常量元素地球化学特征及区域对比

doi:10.11821/dlxb201702008

Abstract

Abstract:

Field investigations were carried out along the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River, a major tributary of the Yangtze River in China. Three loess profiles on the first river terrace were selected for a detailed study. The characteristics of major elements and chemical weathering were analyzed systematically. Results are shown as follows. (1) The major elements are dominated by SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃, the total average content of which is 767. 3 g/kg, in the loess profiles of the region. The contents of the major elements are ranked in the following order: SiO₂>Al₂O₃>Fe₂O₃>K₂O>MgO>Na₂O>CaO. The elements Na, Ca, Mg and Si are leached to different degrees and Fe, Al and K relatively enriched in the chemical weathering processes. (2) The weathering and pedogenic intensity was the weakest in the Malan loess L₁, increased slightly in the transition loess L_t, became the strongest in the paleosol S₀, and decreased again in recent loess L₀. The results reveal that the climate was cold-dry in the Last Glacial (55.0-15.0 ka BP), turned into warm-wet gradually in the Early Holocene (15.0-8.5 ka BP), became the warmest and wettest in the Mid-Holocene Climate Optimum (8.5-3.1 ka BP), and turned into cool and dry in the Late Holocene (3.1-0.0 ka BP). (3) Based on the comparison with Luochuan, Wushan and Xiashu loess, we can find that the major elemental compositions and the UCC-normalized patterns of the loess are similar with those of Luochuan, Wushan and Xiashu loess to a higher degree, suggesting a similar sedimentary background of aeolian loess. But the chemical weathering intensity of these loess deposits changes significantly in different parts of China, with the sequence?of Luochuan loess < loess in the Hanjiang River < Wushan loess

Key words: loess, major element, chemical weathering degree, upper Hanjiang River, regional comparison

Peini MAO, Jiangli PANG, Chunchang HUANG, Xiaochun ZHA, Yali ZHOU, Yongqiang GUO, Hui HU, Tao LIU. Chemical weathering characteristics and regional comparative study of the loess deposits in the upper Hanjiang River[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(2): 279-291.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 1

Stratigraphic characteristics of the loess in the upper Hanjiang River

地层	年代 (ka BP)	黄土剖面特征描述
地层	年代 (ka BP)	QFC剖面	MTS剖面	HPC剖面
表土 (TS)	1.5-0.0	35~0 cm,浊棕(5YR7/4,干态),黏土—粉砂质地,团粒结构,疏松多孔,多植物根系。	60~0 cm,浊棕(7.5YR5/4,干态),黏土—粉砂质地,团粒结构,疏松多孔,多植物根系。	50~0 cm,浊黄棕(10YR5/3,干态),黏土—粉砂质地,团粒结构,疏松多孔,植物根系发育。
全新世黄土(L₀)	3.1-1.5	110~35 cm,浊黄橙(7.5YR5/4,干态),粉砂质地,块状或团块状结构。顶部有汉代灰色绳纹薄陶片。	130~60 cm,浊黄橙(10YR6/4,干态),粉砂质地,块状结构。	100~50 cm,浊黄橙(10YR6/4,干态),粉砂质地,块状结构,下部有周代灰色陶片和烧土块。
古土壤 (S₀)	8.5-3.1	260~110 cm,浊红棕(5.5YR3/4,干态),黏土-粉砂质地,棱块状结构,致密坚硬,大量亮红棕色黏土胶膜淀积,结构体内仍呈红棕色,且含有少量铁锰结核(< 0.2mm)。	270~130 cm,暗棕(7.5YR3/4,干态),黏土—粉砂质地,棱块状结构,致密坚硬,大量亮红棕色黏土胶膜淀积,结构体内仍呈红棕色。	270~100 cm,暗棕(7.5YR3/4,干态),黏土—粉砂质地,棱块状结构,致密坚硬,大量亮红棕色黏土胶膜淀积,结构体内仍呈红棕色。
过渡性黄土(L_t)	11.5-8.5	320~260 cm,浊黄橙(7.5YR5/4,干态),粉砂质地,块状结构,裂隙面有少量暗棕色黏土胶膜淀积。	350~270 cm,浊黄橙(10YR7/4,干态),粉砂质地,块状结构,裂隙面有少量棕色黏土胶膜沉淀。	310~270 cm,浊黄橙(10YR5/4,干态),粉砂质地,块状结构,裂隙面有少量棕色黏土胶膜沉淀。
马兰黄土(L₁)	55.0-11.5	660~320 cm,浊黄橙(7.5YR5/4,干态),粉砂质地,均匀的块状结构。其中660~480 cm混夹有少量不规则薄层砂。	1140~350 cm,浊黄橙(10YR7/3,干态),粉砂质地,均匀的块状结构。其中1140~590 cm混夹少量不规则薄层砂。	790~310 cm,浊黄橙(10YR7/3,干态),粉砂质地,块状结构。
河流相沉积(T₁-al)	典型的河流相二元结构,上部为十分疏松、干净的粗砂,下部为磨圆度很高的砾石层。

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

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地层		SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	K₂O	CaO	Na₂O	MgO
汉江上游黄土	TS	472.2~648.2^①	111.2~151.0	54.0~66.7	24.2~28.1	7.4~12.2	9.2~18.3	16.0~19.6
	TS	567.9^②	136.4	61.9	26.4	9.4	12.3	17.6
	L₀	464.7~701.5	105.8~150.0	44.8~62.6	23.7~28.2	7.4~10.4	9.4~21.9	14.2~19.5
	L₀	592.2	127.0	54.7	25.1	8.7	14.1	16.4
	S₀	472.4~652.7	109.5~153.8	56.1~65.7	23.5~29.7	7.4~10.7	9.8~20.7	16.3~20.8
	S₀	568.6	137.8	62.4	26.5	8.6	12.9	18.2
	L_t	480.8~653.7	112.5~152.	53.5~62.3	23.6~29.6	7.5~9.6	9.7~18.4	18.1~20.2
	L_t	570.0	136.0	60.3	26.1	8.7	13.1	19.0
	L₁	479.2~642.8	102.9~151.4	52.7~65.2	22.3~29.5	7.7~11.4	9.7~25.5	16.8~22.3
	L₁	570.1	133.1	57.8	26.3	9.5	15.0	19.8
	整体均值	464.7~701.5	102.9~153.8	44.8~66.7	22.3~28.2	7.4~12.2	9.2~25.5	14.2~22.3
	整体均值	573.8	134.1	59.4	26.1	9.0	13.5	18.2
	CV	0.02	0.04	0.07	0.03	0.16	0.18	0.10
洛川黄土^[2]		575.7	119.0	48.0	20.8	77.3	14.9	20.6
巫山黄土^[17]		662.0	133.5	52.9	23.2	36.6	12.3	16.0
下蜀黄土^[13]		680.7	133.2	53.0	23.5	10.0	9.2	16.1
UCC^[31]		660.0	152.0	50.0	34.0	39.0	42.0	22.0

Chemical weathering characteristics and regional comparative study of the loess deposits in the upper Hanjiang River

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[4]	LU Daming, YANG Xinjun, SHI Yuzhong, WANG Ziqiao. Rural regime shifts and transformation development on the Loess Plateau [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(2): 348-364.
[5]	LIU Yansui, FENG Weilun, LI Yurui. Modern agricultural geographical engineering and agricultural high-quality development: Case study of loess hilly and gully region [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(10): 2029-2046.
[6]	LIU Xiaoyan, LIU Changming, DANG Suzhen. Effects of rainfall intensity on sediment concentration in loess hilly region of China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(9): 1723-1732.
[7]	LIU Licheng, LIU Chunfang, WANG Chuan, LI Pengjie. Supply and demand matching of ecosystem services in loess hilly region: A case study of Lanzhou [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(9): 1921-1937.
[8]	LI Yue,SONG Yougui,ZONG Xiulan,ZHANG Zhiping,CHENG Liangqing. Dust accumulation processes of piedmont loess indicated by grain-size end members in northern Ili Basin [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(1): 162-177.
[9]	WEN Qi,SHI Linna,MA Caihong,WANG Yongsheng. Spatial heterogeneity of multidimensional poverty at the village level: Loess Plateau [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(10): 1850-1864.
[10]	Xiaomeng HU, Tianhang ZHOU, Shun CAI, Shuo CHEN, Yuyang LIU, Meijun CHEN. The sedimentary record of Datong volcano eruption and its active stages [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(9): 1669-1679.
[11]	Haidong GAO, Guowei PANG, Zhanbin LI, Shengdong CHENG. Evaluating the potential of vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(5): 863-874.
[12]	Xiaomeng HU, Shun CAI, Meijun CHEN. The deduction of the age of the fossil Dali Man from the history of the regional geomorphic-sedimentary evolution [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(5): 864-872.
[13]	Lufeng YAO, Yingjie WANG. Review on Prof. Luo Laixing's geomorphologic research [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(5): 883-892.
[14]	Haidong GAO, Zhanbin LI, Peng LI, Lianlian JIA, Guoce XU, Zongping REN, Guowei PANG, Binhua ZHAO. The capacity of soil loss control in the Loess Plateau based on soil erosion control degree [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(9): 1503-1515.
[15]	Jiangli PANG, Chunchang HUANG, Yali ZHOU, Xiaochun ZHA, Yuzhu ZHANG, Leibin WANG. Eolian loess- palaeosol sequence and OSL age of the first terraces within the Yunxian Basin along the upper Hanjiang River [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(1): 63-72.