基于社会地图的东莞市社会空间研究

doi:10.11821/dlxb201608001

Abstract

Abstract:

Social area analysis is a conventional approach of studying social division and social structure in urban area. However, it mainly focused on the interpretation of demographic indicators, but neglected spatial dimension, thus it is generally difficult to discover the diversity of social space in different cities by such way. Taking the methods of social atlas for reference, this paper primarily attempts to present a series of social maps based on the Sixth National Census and POI data from electronic map. And then, from the characteristics of the maps, an improved index system of social space is brought forward, which includes "demographic properties", "social facilities" and "organization" . With a cluster analysis based on this system, 11 types of social areas are identified in Dongguan, namely (1) old city center, (2) high-rise residential and commercial areas, (3) general residential areas, (4) sub-commercial center, (5) administration center, (6) industrial community areas, (7) low density suburban areas, (8) historical culture areas, (9) new residential areas, (10) agricultural areas, and (11) old age community. Furthermore, it can be concluded into 3 kinds of social space: urban community, rural community, and rural migrant workers community, which demonstrated that Dongguan shows a Triad Spatial Structure model. In the end, this research declares that social atlas is an advanced research method for social space analysis in urban area, as it effectively help to understand the complexity of social space, and reconstruct the research framework of social space in China.

Key words: social atlas, social space, social element, social area, Dongguan city

Yungang LIU, Haiyu SU. Social space analysis based on social atlas: A case study of Dongguan city[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(8): 1283-1301.

Figures/Tables 16

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编号	因子命名	特征根	解释指标
1	社会精英人口	23.326 (34.303%)	非农业人口(0.765)、工作调动人口(0.748)、随迁家属(0.772)、拆迁搬家迁移人口(0.813)、婚姻嫁娶迁移人口(0.764)、人均住房面积50~69 km²(0.778)、人均住房面积70 km²以上(0.751)、购买商品房(0.829)、专业学历(0.862)、本科学历(0.922)、研究生学历(0.954)、信息软件业从业人口(0.849)、金融业从业人员(0.851)、商务服务业从业人员(0.849)、科学技术研究人员(0.703)、教育行业人员(0.823)、社会保障福利业从业人员(0.737)、公共管理与社会组织人员(0.786)、国家机关和企事业单位负责人(0.781)、专业技术人员(0.837)
2	外来务工人员	14.845 (21.832%)	15~59岁人口(0.796)、农业户口人口(0.920)、外来人口(0.848)、务工经商迁移人口(0.929)、家庭一代户(0.860)、人均住房面积12 km²以下(0.910)、人均住房面积13~29 km²(0.780)、住房月租200元以下(0.718)、住房月租200~1000元(0.741)、初中学历(0.922)、制造业从业人员(0.970)、生产运输设备操作人员(0.964)
3	低学历老年人	11.678 (17.173%)	60岁以上人口(0.810)、户籍人口(0.832)、自建住房(0.774)、未上过学(0.812)、文盲人口(0.829)
4	商业服务人员	4.029 (5.925%)	住宿餐饮业从业人员(0.613)、住房月租2000~3000元(0.580)、文化体育和娱乐业从人员(0.509)
5	农林渔牧业人口	2.081 (3.060%)	农林牧渔业从业人口(0.982)、农林牧渔业生产人员(0.983)

	大类	中类	小类
人口	社会精英人口		非农业人口、家庭型迁移人口、大面积住房、商品住房、高学历人口、商贸服务从业人口、公共管理和社会事业从业人员、教育人员、科学技术人员
	外来务工人员		劳动年龄人口、农业户口人口、外来人口、经济型迁移人口、一代户家庭、小面积住房、廉价租金住房、低学历人口、制造业从业人员
	低学历老年人		老年人口、户籍人口、自建住房、低学历人口
	商业服务人员		住宿餐饮从业者、中等租金住房、文体娱乐从业者
	农林渔牧业人口		农林牧渔业从业人口
设施	公益性设施	教育设施	幼儿园、中小学、中专、大专
		医疗设施	综合医院、社区医院
		文体设施	图书馆、博物馆、文化馆、文体广场、公园
	经营性设施	零售设施	百货商店、超市、农贸市场
		娱乐设施	餐饮店、茶楼咖啡厅、电影院、酒吧、夜总会、KTV、网吧
		商务设施	银行、邮局、写字楼、酒店、会展
机构	行政管理机构		各级政府、公安机关、相关行政部门
	工厂企业		工厂、公司
	协会社团		行业协会、社会团体

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
社会精英人口	9.22	32.81	0.57	0.45	2.89	-0.09	-0.05	0.05	18.26	-0.09	0.40
外来务工人员	0.42	1.06	0.68	0.89	0.29	0.92	-0.35	-0.89	-0.13	-0.16	-0.62
低学历老年人	10.25	1.72	0.77	1.06	-0.06	0.03	-0.16	18.46	-2.80	0.12	12.86
商业服务人员	-11.51	19.46	0.27	4.17	3.27	-0.02	-0.05	-4.31	-9.05	-0.10	-1.52
农林鱼牧业人口	-2.55	2.93	-0.22	-0.60	-0.29	-0.10	-0.31	-2.17	0.98	2.09	-1.52
教育设施	8.98	1.42	1.82	2.47	1.42	0.56	-0.35	6.15	1.89	-0.17	3.62
医疗设施	3.49	4.29	1.56	3.73	1.09	0.84	-0.42	3.49	1.49	-0.32	2.29
文体设施	10.47	11.82	1.69	1.66	1.01	0.25	-0.25	11.82	-0.34	-0.08	3.71
零售设施	0.96	0.33	1.25	2.35	0.64	1.17	-0.47	1.59	0.80	-0.38	1.44
娱乐设施	1.10	2.10	1.94	5.94	2.93	0.42	-0.33	5.43	1.68	-0.31	1.29
商务设施	6.57	6.23	2.13	5.36	4.57	0.43	-0.36	6.23	4.57	-0.31	3.46
行政管理部门	8.39	2.85	2.22	3.35	23.17	-0.06	-0.19	1.00	0.39	-0.17	3.98
协会社团	24.44	11.67	1.78	2.26	4.00	0.05	-0.19	2.29	0.16	-0.14	4.00
工厂企业	-0.52	0.17	0.10	-0.26	-0.71	1.28	-0.39	-0.61	-0.47	-0.30	-0.25

	农村社会	农民工社会	城市社会
空间分布	城市边缘	乡镇生产片区	中心城区/镇中心
社会主体	农民	农民工	城镇户籍居民
住房质量	一般(自建)	较差(租赁)	较好(购买)
家庭规模	较大	较小	较大
收入水平	最低	较低	偏高
就业类型	工业+农业	制造业	服务业
学历水平	较低	较低	较高
经营性服务	较差	中等	较好
公益性服务	中等	较差	较好
组织机构类型	企业+行政	工厂企业	行政+协会+企业

Social space analysis based on social atlas: A case study of Dongguan city

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