青藏高原海拔4000 m区域人类活动的新证据

doi:10.11821/dlxb201607011

Abstract

Abstract:

Human activities during the early stage in Tibetan Plateau are crucial to improve the knowledge about how human beings react and respond to extreme environmental conditions, especially those in the area with elevation > 4000 m asl, which is considered as the key of the migration and diffusion of human from plain to hinterland. Ash layer dated as 11290±69 cal. a BP and stoneworks such as micro-blade and fine flake mainly occurring at ca.11.2 cal ka BP were found in the archaeological site XDW1, which can be considered as the first evidence to show the human activities above 4000 m asl in the Tibetan Plateau. This study indicates that human beings have migrated to hinterland in the early Holocene, and evaluated the spacial and temporary population diffusion patterns in northeastern Tibetan Plateau: (1) human beings dominated the marginal regions with 3000-4000 m asl in northeastern Tibetan Platean, such as Qinghai Lake Basin and Gonghe Basin during the Last Deglaciation. (2) They expanded to the regions above 4000 m asl during the Early Holocene. (3) People diffused toward hinterland with higher elevation during the Holocene Climatic Optimum. The three stages of human migration and diffusion in the Tibetan Plateau are closely related to the improving climate conditions from the Last Deglaciation until the Holocene Climatic Optimum.

Key words: early Holocene, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, human activity

Guangliang HOU, Guangchao CAO, Chongyi E, Xiaoyan REN, B Wuennemann, Fan LI. New evidence of human activities at an altitude of 4000 meters area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(7): 1231-1240.

Figures/Tables 9

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References 37

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样品号	测年编号	深度(cm)	测试物质	AMS¹⁴C年代(a BP)	校正年代 (cal. a BP)2 Sigma
XDW1-2	BA131369	50~60	炭屑	9695±40	11146±74
XDW1-5	BA131371	88	炭屑	8950±35	10079±63
XDW1-7	BA131373	80~90	炭屑	9885±35	11285±73
XDW1-6	BA131372	103	炭屑	9875±40	11290±69

	石器数量(件)			典型石器
层位(cm)	细石叶	石片	刮削器	其他	总计	编号	描述
20~30	1	6			7	XDW1-a	细石叶,长29 mm,宽6 mm,硅质灰岩,横断面为等腰三角形,一面为劈裂面,另一面中部有凸脊,刃部有使用痕迹,尖尾端内卷
20~30	1	6			7	XDW1-b	石片,长30 mm,宽15 mm,硅质灰岩
30~40		7	1		8	XDW1-d	石片,长20 mm,宽9 mm,最厚处6 mm,燧石,一侧双面加工,形成多个锋利的刃脊,顶部刃有使用疤痕,底部横截面为三角形断面
40~50		7			7
50~60	2	7		25	34	XDW1-c	细石叶断片,长8 mm,宽6 mm,硅质灰岩,横断面呈三角形,刃部有使用痕迹
60~70		7	1	21	29	XW1-e	石片,呈薄片状,长23 mm,宽20 mm,最厚处4 mm,硅质灰岩
70~80		5	2		7	XW1-f	刮削器,薄片状,长17 mm,宽13 mm,厚2 mm,燧石,两刃部锋利
70~80		5	2		7	XW1-g	石片,长23 mm,宽12 mm,燧石
80~90				3	3
90~100				1	1

New evidence of human activities at an altitude of 4000 meters area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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