西安市城市景观的正负生态系统服务测算及空间格局

doi:10.11821/dlxb201607010

Abstract

Abstract:

Comprehensive assessment of the positive ecosystem services and disservices provided by urban landscape and evaluation of its contribution of different urban landscapes to total value of ecosystem services, are crucial to optimizing and regulating the urban landscape configuration and the eco-environment construction in rapid urbanization. Based on the knowledge of landscape ecology and ecosystem service and the Landsat images (OLI-TIRS) data, we valued the ecosystem services of urban landscape including its disservices and analyzed their spatial pattern of Xi'an urbanized area by building the models and employing software of ERDAS, ArcGIS10.1 in 2013. The results showed that: (1) The disservice value of urban landscape is remarkably higher than the positive ecological service value, and the net value is approximately -12.71×10⁸ yuan in Xi'an city. In the process of rapid urbanization, the positive service value of urban landscape dramatically decreased and the negative service took up a large proportion of total values resulting from the transformation from natural landscape to semi-artificial landscape and artificial landscape, 87.81% of the urbanized area provided for negative net value of ecosystem services, and only 12.19% of the area provided positive net services. The expansion of urban landscape dominated by large built-up area will inevitably lead to the decline in ecosystem service value. (2) The value of positive ecosystem services provided by urban landscape in Xi'an city varied from urban core area to urban fringe obviously, which is lower in central area than in fringe area; And the high value area close to the road and in the parks shows the mixed patterns with plaque and grid. The total value of negative ecosystem services in the inner area is higher than that in the urban fringe, and high value area is more concentrated in space. Natural landscape and semi-artificial landscape are the main providers of the positive ecosystem services in city. (3) The spatial distribution of the urban landscape fundamentally determines the spatial pattern of the comprehensive ecosystem services, and the mosaic of different urban landscape types reflects the spatial pattern of the positive and negative ecosystem services shaped by the patches and the chessboard structure. The nearer to the area of urban fringe, the higher the comprehensive ecosystem services value is. There are the high value areas where the forest, grassland and water were distributed or scattered in the park or along road side in the city.

Key words: urban landscape, comprehensive ecosystem service, positive and negative ecosystem services, Xi'an City

Mengtao LI, Zhongxue ZHOU. Positive and negative ecosystem services evaluation and its spatial pattern analysis on urban landscape: A case study of Xi'an City[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(7): 1215-1230.

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		生态系统服务	指标含义
复合生态系统服务	正向生态系统服务	环境净化	城市中绿地景观吸收大气中SO₂、氮氧化物和滞尘
		气体调节	城市中绿地景观维持大气化学组分平衡,如固碳释氧等
		气候调节	城市中绿地景观对区域气候的调节,如降低温度、增加降水
		旅游休闲	公园绿地、园地等满足都市居民休闲观光、亲近自然的需求
	负向生态系统服务	花粉过敏	花粉通过风的传播,人遇花粉而造成过敏的现象
		大气污染	空气中污染物达到足够浓度和时间,危害人类健康和生活
		夏季热岛效应	城市下垫面具有更大的吸热率和更小的比热容,造成同一时间城区气温高于郊区气温,居民需要更长时间的空调降温

城市景观类型	吸收污染物类型
城市景观类型	吸收二氧化硫	吸收氮氧化物	粉尘
林地	291.03	215.36	44300.00
草地	21.70	16.06	120.00
耕地	45.00	33.30	940.00
园地	90.00	66.60	9000.00
水域	0	0	0
建设用地	0	0	0

生态服务功能	林地	园地	草地	耕地	水域	建设用地
气候调节	0.409	0.273	0.136	0.135	0.350	0
旅游休闲	0.194	0.100	0.006	0.002	0.658	0

	环境净化	气体调节	气候调节	旅游休闲	合计	百分比(%)
水域	0	0	0.86	0.30	1.16	0.71
林地	51.50	27.38	26.86	3.93	109.68	67.35
园地	1.45	3.26	2.44	0.08	7.22	4.44
草地	0.08	4.62	2.46	0.01	7.17	4.40
耕地	1.67	25.10	10.83	0.01	37.61	23.10
建设用地	0	0	0	0	0	0
合计	54.70	60.36	43.45	4.39	162.84	100.0
百分比(%)	33.59	37.06	26.69	2.66	100.0

	空气污染	花粉过敏	热岛效应	合计	百分比(%)
水域	0.10	0.15	0	0.25	0.0002
林地	2.77	10.67	0	13.44	0.009
园地	0.37	0.47	0.87	1.71	0.001
草地	0.75	1.08	21.37	23.19	0.01
耕地	3.31	2.74	166.72	172.78	0.12
建设用地	19.32	30.35	1172.99	1222.67	0.85
合计	26.62	45.46	1361.95	1434.04	100
百分比(%)	0.02	0.03	0.95	100

Positive and negative ecosystem services evaluation and its spatial pattern analysis on urban landscape: A case study of Xi'an City

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[1]	Yanxu LIU, Yanglin WANG, Jian PENG, Tian ZHANG, Hai WEI. Urban landscape ecological risk assessment based on the 3D framework of adaptive cycle [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(7): 1052-1067.
[2]	XU Jianhua, YUE Wenze, TAN Wenqi. A Statistical Study on Spatial Scaling Effects of Urban Landscape Pattern: A Case Study of the Central Area of the External Circle Highway in Shanghai [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59(6): 1058-1067.