广州市社会空间结构演变跟踪研究

doi:10.11821/dlxb201606009

Abstract

Abstract:

Research into urban socio-spatial structure was first introduced to Chinese geographers in 1986. Since the beginning of the free-market economic reform in 1987, Chinese cities have changed rapidly and have attracted substantial attention from academia. Chinese case studies have predominantly concerned megacities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. As the pioneer of China's reform and opening-up, Guangzhou is representative of large Chinese cities in the transformation of the socio-spatial structure. The first research was initiated in the social areas of Guangzhou in 1985. Zhou used data from the fifth population census of 2000 to analyze the social areas of Guangzhou and identified three evolution modes of the socio-spatial structure: the first is based on the development of the old city, the second fouses on the development of the educational or industrial "enclave", and the third presents the development of agricultural areas. The research on the evolution of urban socio-spatial structure, as a vital part of urban geography study, needs a long-term follow-up survey and analysis. Thus, using the Factor Ecological Analysis (FEA), this paper analyzes the social area in Guangzhou with the Sixth National Population Census data of 2010, and further divides the social area into 7 sub-types based on the 7 main factors. Comparing the studies of the 2000s and 1985, we found that: (1) Most of the principal factors are available for the years of 1985-2010, and they have played an increasingly important role during the period studied. In addition, some individual principal factors only appear in a certain year, thus have strong distinct characteristics. (2) The evolution of social areas in Guangzhou has been mainly characterized by type conversion and followed by regional spatial differentiation in 1985-2000; and vice versa in 2000-2010. (3) This study further found evidence of the three evolution modes proposed in 2000 based on the development of the old town, development of enclave of industry and education, and development of the rural community; then it put forward a new model based on the development of the social areas in suburban towns; (4) The market mechanism, administrative mechanism and the family life cycle mechanism work together to the evolution of socio-spatial structure.

Key words: socio-spatial structure, social area, structure evolution, impact mechanism, Guangzhou

Chunshan ZHOU, Jincan HU, Xinmei TONG, Yan BIAN. The socio-spatial structure of Guangzhou and its evolution[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(6): 1010-1024.

Figures/Tables 11

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Fig. 1

Tab. 4

Fig. 2

Tab. 5

Tab. 6

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

References 40

[1]	Zhou Chunshan, Liu Yang, Zhu Hong.Analysis on social areas of Guangzhou city during the economic system transformation. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(10): 1046-1056. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2006.10.004
	[周春山, 刘洋, 朱红. 转型时期广州市社会区分析. 地理学报, 2006, 61(10): 1046-1056.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2006.10.004
[2]	Shevky E, Williams M.The Social Areas of Los Angeles. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1949.
[3]	Inzulza J, Galleguillos X.Latino gentrification and polarization: Socio-spatial transformations in pen-central and peripheral neighborhoods of Santiago, Chile. Revista De Geografia Norte Grande, 2014, 58: 135-159.
[4]	Muller A, Wehrhahn R.New migration processes in contemporary China: The constitution of African trader networks in Guangzhou. Geographische Zeitschrift, 2011, 99(2/3): 104-122.
[5]	He S J, Liu Y T, Wu F L, et al.Social groups and housing differentiation in China's urban villages: An institutional interpretation. Housing Studies, 2010, 25(5): 671-691.
[6]	Wu, Q Y, Cheng J Q, Chen G, et al . Socio-spatial differentiation and residential segregation in the Chinese city based on the 2000 community-level census data: A case study of the inner city of Nanjing. Cities, 2014, 39: 109-119.
[7]	Baum S Haynes, Michele A H, Yolanda V G, et al.Advantage and disadvantage across Australia's extended metropolitan regions: A typology of socioeconomic outcomes. Urban Studies, 2006, 43(9): 1549-1579. doi: 10.1080/00420980600831759
[8]	Weeks J R, Getis A, Hill A G, et al.The fertility transition in Egypt: Intraurban patterns in Cairo. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2004, 94(1): 74-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8306.2004.09401005.x
[9]	Wallace D, Wallace R.Life and death in Upper Manhattan and the Bronx: Toward an evolutionary perspective on catastrophic social change. Environment and Planning A, 2000, 32(7): 1245-1266. doi: 10.1068/a32208
[10]	Lee J Y, Kwan M P.Visualisation of socio-spatial isolation based on human activity patterns and social networks in space-time. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, 2011, 102(4): 468-485. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9663.2010.00649.x
[11]	Herbert D.Social area analysis: A British study. Urban Studies, 1967, 4(1): 41-60. doi: 10.1080/00420986720080031
[12]	Jones F L.A social profile of Canberra, 1961. Journal of Sociology, 1965, 1(2): 107-120. doi: 10.2307/2091018
[13]	Davies W K, Murdie R A.Consistency and differential impact in urban social dimensionality: Intra-urban variations in the 24 metropolitan areas of Canada. Urban Geography, 1991, 12(1): 55-79. doi: 10.2747/0272-3638.12.1.55
[14]	Hardwick S W, Meacham J E.Heterolocalism, networks of ethnicity, and refugee communities in the Pacific Northwest: The Portland story. The Professional Geographer, 2005, 57(4): 539-557. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9272.2005.00498.x
[15]	Zhang Li, Lei Jun, Zhang Xiaolei, et al.Analysis of the urban social areas in Urumqi. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(6): 817-828. doi: 10.11821/xb201206009
	[张利, 雷军, 张小雷, 等. 乌鲁木齐城市社会区分析. 地理学报, 2012, 67(6): 817-828.] doi: 10.11821/xb201206009
[16]	Gu C L, Wang F H, Liu G L.The structure of social space in Beijing in 1998: A socialist city in transition. Urban Geography, 2005, 25(2): 167-192.
[17]	Gu Chaolin, Wang Fahui, Liu Guili.Study on urban social areas in Beijing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2003, 58(6): 917-926. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2003.06.015
	[顾朝林, 王法辉, 刘贵利. 北京城市社会区分析. 地理学报, 2003, 58(6): 917-926.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2003.06.015
[18]	Gu Chaolin, Kesteloot C.A research on social spatial polarization in Beijing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1997, 52(5): 385-393. doi: 10.11821/xb199705001
	[顾朝林, C.克斯特洛德. 北京社会空间极化与空间分异研究. 地理学报, 1997, 52(5): 385-393.] doi: 10.11821/xb199705001
[19]	Feng J, Zhou Y X, Logan J, et al.The restructuring of Beijing's social space. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 2007, 48(5): 509-542.
[20]	Feng Jian, Zhou Yixing.Restructuring of socio-spatial differentiation in Beijing in the transition period. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008, 63(8): 829-844. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2008.08.005
	[冯健, 周一星. 转型期北京社会空间分异重构. 地理学报, 2008, 63(8): 829-844.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2008.08.005
[21]	Feng Jian, Zhou Yixing.The social spatial structure of Beijing Metropolitan Area and its evolution (1982-2000).Geographical Research, 2003, 22(4): 465-483. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0585.2003.04.009
	[冯健, 周一星. 北京都市区社会空间结构及其演化(1982-2000). 地理研究, 2003, 22(4): 465-483.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0585.2003.04.009
[22]	Li Zhigang, Wu Fulong.Socio-spatial differentiation in transitional Shanghai. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(2): 199-211. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2006.02.009
	[李志刚, 吴缚龙. 转型期上海社会空间分异研究. 地理学报, 2006, 61(2): 199-211.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2006.02.009
[23]	Li Z G, Wu F L.Tenure-based residential segregation in post-reform Chinese cities: A case study of Shanghai. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 2008, 33(3): 404-419. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-5661.2008.00304.x
[24]	Xuan Guofu, Xu Jiangang, Zhao Jing.Social areas of the central urban area in Shanghai. Geographical Research, 2006, 25(3): 526-538.
	[宣国富, 徐建刚, 赵静. 上海市中心城社会区分析. 地理研究, 2006, 25(3): 526-538.]
[25]	Xu Xueqiang, Hu Huaying, Yeh A Car-on. A factorial ecological study of social spatial structure in Guangzhou city. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1989, 44(4): 385-397.
	[许学强, 胡华颖, 叶嘉安. 广州社会空间的因子生态分析. 地理学报, 1989, 44(4): 385-397.]
[26]	Zhou Chunshan.The Population Distribution and Residential Migration of Metropolitan since Open-up Policy: A Case Study of Guangzhou. Guangzhou: Guangdong Higher Education Press, 1996.
	[周春山. 改革开放以来大都市人口分布与迁居研究: 以广州市为例. 广州: 广东高等教育出版社, 1996.]
[27]	Wei Lihua, Cong Yanguo, Li Zhigang, et al.Socio-spatial differentiation of professionals of Guangzhou in the 1990s. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2007, 62(4): 407-417. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2007.04.007
	[魏立华, 丛艳国, 李志刚, 等. 20世纪90年代广州市从业人员的社会空间分异. 地理学报, 2007, 62(4): 407-417.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2007.04.007
[28]	Li S M, Hou Q, Chen S S, et al.Work, home, and market: The social transformation of housing space in Guangzhou, China. Urban Geography, 2010, 31(4): 434-452.
[29]	Zhou Chunshan, Bian Yan.The growth and distribution of population in Guangzhou city in 1982-2000. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2014, 34(9): 1085-1092.
	[周春山, 边艳. 1982-2010年广州市人口增长与空间分布演变研究. 地理科学, 2014, 34(9): 1085-1092.]
[30]	Zhou Chunshan, Luo Renze, Dai Dandan.Evolution and mechanism of the residential spatial structure from 2000 to 2010 in Guangzhou. Geographical Research, 2015, 34(6): 1109-1124. doi: 10.11821/dlyj201506010
	[周春山, 罗仁泽, 代丹丹. 2000-2010 年广州市居住空间结构演变及机制分析. 地理研究, 2015, 34(6): 1109-1124.] doi: 10.11821/dlyj201506010
[31]	Song Weixuan, Xu Di, Wang Liye, et al.Urban socio-spatial structure of Nanjing during the modern era: Analysis based on the data of urban population investigation in 1936. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(6): 771-784.
	[宋伟轩, 徐旳, 王丽晔, 等. 近代南京城市社会空间结构: 基于1936年南京城市人口调查数据的分析. 地理学报, 2011, 66(6): 771-784.]
[32]	Xu Di, Wang Zhu, Zhu Xigang, et al.The urban social areas in Nanjing: Analysis of the data based on the Fifth National Population Census. Geographical Research, 2009, 28(2): 484-498. doi: 10.11821/yj2009020022
	[徐旳, 汪珠, 朱喜钢, 等. 转型期南京城市社会空间结构: 基于第五次人口普查数据的因子生态分析. 地理研究, 2009, 28(2): 484-498.] doi: 10.11821/yj2009020022
[33]	Wu Qiyan, Cui Gonghao.The differential characteristics of residential space in Nanjing and its mechanism. City Planning Review, 1999, 23(12): 23-35. doi: 10.1088/0256-307X/16/9/020
	[吴启焰, 崔功豪. 南京市居住空间分异特征及其形成机制. 城市规划, 1999, 23(12): 23-35.] doi: 10.1088/0256-307X/16/9/020
[34]	Huang Xiaojun, Li Chenggu, Pang Ruiqiu, et al.The social spatial structure of Changchun in the Puppet Manchuria Period. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2010, 65(10): 1198-1208. doi: 10.11821/xb201010005
	[黄晓军, 李诚固, 庞瑞秋, 等. 伪满时期长春城市社会空间结构研究. 地理学报, 2010, 65(10): 1198-1208.] doi: 10.11821/xb201010005
[35]	Xing Lanqin, Wang Hui, Cao Mingming.Restructuring and differentiation of urban living space in Xi'an City since the 1990s. City Planning Review, 2004, 28(6): 68-73. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1002-1329.2004.06.009
	[邢兰芹, 王慧, 曹明明. 1990年代以来西安城市居住空间重构与分异. 城市规划, 2004, 28(6): 68-73.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1002-1329.2004.06.009
[36]	Chai Yanwei.Danwei-based Chinese cities' internal life-space structure: A case study of Lanzhou city. Geographical Research, 1996, 15(1): 30-38.
	[柴彦威. 以单位为基础的中国城市内部生活空间结构: 兰州市的实证研究. 地理研究, 1996, 15(1): 30-38.]
[37]	Wei Ye, Zhang Zhe, Xiu Chunliang.Social space structure of coal city in transition: A case study of Fuxin city, China.Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2011, 31(7): 850-857.
	[魏冶, 张哲, 修春亮. 煤炭城市转型中的社会空间结构: 以阜新为例. 地理科学, 2011, 31(7): 850-857.]
[38]	Wu Junlian, Gu Chaolin, Huang Ying, et al.Analysis of the urban social areas in Nanchang: Analysis of the data based on the Fifth National Population Census. Geographical Research, 2005, 24(4): 611-619. doi: 10.11821/yj2005040016
	[吴骏莲, 顾朝林, 黄瑛, 等. 南昌城市社会区研究: 基于第五次人口普查数据的分析. 地理研究, 2005, 24(4): 611-619.] doi: 10.11821/yj2005040016
[39]	Murdie R A.Factorial Ecology of Metropolitan Toronto, 1951-1961: An essay on the social geography of the city [D]. Chicago: University of Chicago, Department of Geography, 1969.
[40]	Hunter A.Community change: A stochastic analysis of Chicago's local communities, 1930-60. American Journal of Sociology, 1974, 79(4): 923-947.

变量类型	1985年社会区		2000年社会区		2010年社会区
变量类型	变量	数目	变量	数目	变量	数目
一、人口状况	人口规模	3	一般统计指标	8	一般统计指标	3
	性别比	1	性别比	3	性别比	1
	年龄结构	6	年龄结构	47	年龄结构	8
			民族构成	8	民族构成	1
			户口类型	7	户口类型	10
			人口的流动性	5	人口的流动性	8
			受教育人口结构	12	受教育人口结构	7
					老年人健康状况	4
二、家庭状况	家庭收入	3			生活来源	4
	家庭年龄	3	户型代际结构	5
	家庭规模	4	户型规模结构	10	住房规模	10
	抚养率	1	抚养比	3
			婚姻构成	5	婚姻构成	11
			生育率构成	5	生育结构	7
					住房用途	2
三、职业状况	职业结构	22	职业结构	6
	妇女就业	1	行业结构	16
			不在业构成	8	不在业构成	8
					工作时长构成	5
					工作能力	1
					学业构成	4
四、住房状况	居住水平	4			居住水平	8
	房屋层数	4			房屋层数	4
	房屋年代	5	房屋年代	6	房屋年代	6
	房屋质量	3	房屋价值	9	房屋质量	3
	房屋设施	1	家庭设备	13	房屋设施	7
			人均住房面积构成	8
			房源情况	7	房源情况	6
			租房费用构成	9	租房费用构成	7
五、出行状况	上班交通方式	3
五、出行状况	上班出行时间	3
合计		67		200		135

取样足够度的Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin度量		0.574
Bartlett的球形度检验	近似卡方	45098.201
	df	9045
	Sig.	0.000

主因子	promax法
主因子	特征根	贡献率(%)	累积贡献率(%)
1	33.872	26.805	26.805
2	23.606	17.774	44.579
3	14.967	9.981	54.559
4	20.292	8.384	62.943
5	11.941	3.530	66.473
6	8.981	3.039	69.513
7	9.764	2.890	72.403

因子	1985年社会区			2000年社会区				2010年社会区
因子	名称		特征值	贡献率(%)	名称	特征值	贡献率(%)	名称	特征值	贡献率(%)
1	人口密集程度	15.13	20.59	人口密集程度	67.13	34.39		人口密集程度	33.87	26.81
2	科技文化水平	7.02	10.76	文化与职业状况	24.45	14.4		农业人口比重	23.61	17.77
3	工人干部比重	4.98	7.44	家庭状况与农业人口	19.96	8.58		文化水平	14.97	9.98
4	房屋住宅质量	4.68	6.93	不在业人口比重	13.92	5.14		房屋住宅质量	20.29	8.38
5	家庭人口构成	4.07	6.08	城市住宅质量	20.73	3.29		城镇人口和外来人口比重	11.94	3.53
6	—			—				中等收入阶层比重	8.98	3.04
7	—			—				低收入阶层比重	9.76	2.89

社会区类别	包含的街(镇)单元(个)	项目	第1主因子	第2主因子	第3主因子	第4主因子	第5主因子	第6主因子	第7主因子
Ⅰ	9	平方和均值	2.073	0.163	0.598	0.015	2.298	0.932	0.190
Ⅰ	9	平均值	1.422	-0.381	0.686	-0.033	-1.476	0.675	-0.008
Ⅱ	20	平方和均值	1.171	0.396	0.703	0.160	0.744	2.617	0.258
Ⅱ	20	平均值	1.030	-0.622	-0.782	-0.008	0.380	1.461	-0.073
Ⅲ	17	平方和均值	0.543	0.322	0.746	0.432	0.587	0.548	3.680
Ⅲ	17	平均值	-0.201	-0.505	-0.613	-0.095	0.120	0.269	1.671
Ⅳ	38	平方和均值	0.920	0.298	0.488	0.194	0.895	1.211	0.394
Ⅳ	38	平均值	0.511	-0.486	-0.566	0.343	0.358	-0.992	0.191
Ⅴ	33	平方和均值	1.447	0.237	0.289	0.337	1.243	0.360	1.201
Ⅴ	33	平均值	-1.100	0.016	0.006	0.117	-0.705	-0.227	-0.660
Ⅵ	5	平方和均值	0.904	0.307	0.319	21.235	1.369	1.148	0.510
Ⅵ	5	平均值	-0.856	-0.474	-0.375	-4.283	-0.652	0.464	0.058
Ⅶ	26	平方和均值	0.325	4.288	3.277	0.448	0.754	0.512	0.785
Ⅶ	26	平均值	-0.340	1.722	1.658	0.253	0.639	0.115	-0.486

The socio-spatial structure of Guangzhou and its evolution

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Cited

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 11

References 40

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

1985年研究	2000年研究	2010年研究
人口密集混合功能旧城区	人口密集、居住拥挤的老城区	人口密集、居住拥挤的老城区
干部居住区	中等收入阶层聚集区	中等收入阶层聚居区
工人居住区	一般工薪阶层居住区	低收入阶层聚居区
知识分子居住区	知识分子、高级职业者聚集区	知识分子聚居区
农业人口散居区	农业人口聚集区	农业人口散居区
—	外来人口和本地居民混居区	外来人口和本地居民混居区
—	近郊城镇人口聚集区	城镇人口聚居区

[1]	CHEN Xiang, SUN Wu, SHEN Zitong, ZHU Linlin, ZHANG Jiabin, XU Wei. Characteristics of ventilation channel and ventilation efficiency assessment: A case study of main built-up area in Guangzhou [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(3): 694-712.
[2]	AN Ning,FENG Qiuyi,ZHU Hong. The spatial imagination of Guangzhou's African community: Analysis based on newspaper discourses [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(8): 1650-1662.
[3]	Rongping LIN, Suhong ZHOU, Xiaopei YAN. Intergenerational differences of spatio-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of home-work location changes since 1978: Empirical analysis based on the micro-survey in Guangzhou, China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(4): 753-769.
[4]	XU Zhihua,LIU Kaizhi. State rescaling of the urban development in Hong Kong after the reunification: A case study of the planning process of the Hong Kong section of the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(2): 253-265.
[5]	YANG Ying,LIN Lin,ZHONG Zhiping,OU Yingying,XU Qian,MENG Meiyun,HAO Shan. Comprehensive evaluation and spatial differentiation of community resilience in Guangzhou based on response of the city to public health hazards [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(2): 266-284.
[6]	WU Rong,HUANG Xu,LIU Ye,LI Zhigang. Place attachment of urbanites in Guangzhou: Measurement and mechanism [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(2): 379-393.
[7]	LI Guangdong, QI Wei. Impacts of construction land expansion on landscape pattern evolution in China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(12): 2572-2591.
[8]	ZHOU Suhong, LIU Mingyang, LU Ciyong. Regional differences of drug abuse behavior and its influencing factors among middle school students [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(6): 1173-1186.
[9]	FENG Jian,ZHONG Yichun. Restructuring of social space in Beijing from 2000 to 2010 [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(4): 711-737.
[10]	YANG Wenyue,CAO Xiaoshu. The influence mechanism of travel-related CO₂ emissions from the perspective of residential self-selection: A case study of Guangzhou [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(2): 346-361.
[11]	CHEN Chun,YUAN Zhenjie,ZHU Hong. Floating children in Guangzhou: The construction of "home" in the context of urbanization [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(12): 2440-2451.
[12]	Suhong ZHOU, Jiangyu SONG, Guangwen SONG. Examining the dual-levels impact of neighbourhood and individual variables on car use on weekdays in Guangzhou [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(8): 1444-1457.
[13]	Zhangzhi TAN, Shaoyin LI, Xia LI, Xiaoping LIU, Yimin CHEN, Weixian LI. Spatio-temporal effects of urban rail transit on complex land-use change [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(5): 850-862.
[14]	Chenhao FU, Suhong ZHOU, Xiaopei YAN, Lin LIU, Weishan CHEN. Spatio-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of consumer behavior in retailing centers: A case study of Guangzhou in Guangdong Province [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(4): 603-617.
[15]	Wei TAO, Shaoxu WANG, Hong ZHU. Scavengers' bodily practices and spatial construction in Guangzhou [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(12): 2199-2213.