巴丹吉林沙漠沙山区径流与地下水补给条件

doi:10.11821/dlxb201603007

Abstract

Abstract:

Field investigation was carried out in the Badain Jaran Desert, where develop numerous megadunes with the largest height difference in the world. Infiltration-excess runoff, slow seepage runoff, erosion features of runoff caused by atmospheric precipitation, as well as mixed physical sediment of runoff-aeolian sand and chemical deposition (secondary salts) caused by ground runoff converted into surface runoff, were discovered in the slope surfaces of megadunes. These natural features are rare in arid desert area. According to the data of electron microscopy observation, energy spectrum analysis, chemical analysis and particle-size analysis and others, some issues are discussed, namely, mineral and chemical composition of secondary salts, particle-size composition of aeolian sand and mixed physical sediment of runoff-aeolian sand, runoff type, water balance of megadune area and mechanism of precipitation recharging groundwater and lake water. The emergence of infiltration-excess runoff means that the strong effective precipitation can be used as a source of groundwater, although there is less rainfall in this region. Various runoff and runoff depositions on a deep level sufficiently prove that precipitation via infiltration reaches the bottom of megadune and constitutes effective recharge to groundwater. The fine layer with relative impermeability is the reason why underground runoff is exposed to Earth's surface. The positive water balance is surprising in the megadune area. Precipitation, after evaporation and transpiration, and other consumption, could provide about 134648.4 tons of water per square kilometer per year to recharge groundwater and lake water, which has become one of the important recharge sources of lake water. Positive water balance and precipitation can recharge groundwater in the megadune area and mainly depend on four conditions, namely, the presence of effective precipitation, scarce vegetation and less transpiration, a high infiltration rate and a small evaporation depth of sand layer. These factors are also the priority for numerous lakes developed in the megadune area of the Badain Jaran Desert.

Key words: groundwater runoff, erosion and deposition of runoff, secondary salts and water cycle, groundwater recharge conditions, Badain Jaran Desert

Yandong MA, Jingbo ZHAO, Xiaoqing LUO, Tianjie SHAO, Dapeng YUE, Qi ZHOU. Runoff and groundwater recharge conditions in the megadune area of Badain Jaran Desert[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(3): 433-448.

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沙山名称	沙山海拔(m)	样品类型	采样剖面数量(个)	采样点海拔(m)	采样点坡度(°)	采样点周边植被
扎拉特湖东沙山	1548	粒度,盐	2,2	1350	25	稀少
音德日图湖东大沙山	1609	盐	2	1520	25	稀少
呼和吉林湖东沙山	1617	盐	2	1469	20	局部灌丛
呼和吉林湖西沙山	1584	粒度	4	1217,1245	20	无
诺尔图湖东沙山	1610	粒度,盐	2,2	1326	20	无

采样点	样品号	CaO	SO₃	Na₂O	MgO	SiO₂	CO₂	Cl₂O	Al₂O₃
扎拉特沙山	B01-003c	34.38	52.33	6.19	1.33	4.50	0.51	0.07	-
扎拉特沙山	B01-003d	42.06	54.50	1.18	0.51	1.41	0.33	-	-
诺尔图沙山	C01-001	37.17	56.08	2.78	0.54	2.31	0.30	0.19	-
诺尔图沙山	C01-002	34.83	56.73	5.68	0.33	2.19	-	0.25	-
呼和吉林沙山	B02-004b	37.93	52.03	3.32	1.24	3.58	0.41	1 .15	-
呼和吉林沙山	B02-004c	-	-	42.62	-	10.80	-	44.54	1.43
呼和吉林沙山	B02-004d	-	-	37.44	-	20.68	-	31.10	2.33

深度(m)	扎兰特	呼和吉林	音德日图	深度(m)	扎兰特	呼和吉林	音德日图
0~1	11.2	18.6	10.3	20~21	3.7	12.0	14.5
10~11	1.1	2.3	11.4	30~31	1.3	0.8	1.2

钻孔剖面	粒度参数	样品数量	粗粒层		样品数量	细粒层
钻孔剖面	粒度参数	样品数量	范围		平均	范围	平均
a	粒径(mm)	18	1.996~2.160	2.060	9	1.719~1.987	1.924
	标准偏差		0.403~0.539	0.456		0.411~0.510	0.453
	偏度		-0.008~0.004	-0.003		-0.008~0.006	0.002
	峰度		0.939~0.963	0.953		0.946~0.966	0.957
b	粒径(mm)	17	2.000~2.168	2.068	10	1.614~1.985	1.897
	标准偏差		0.047~0.536	0.456		0.437~0.557	0.494
	偏度		-0.008~0.003	-0.001		-0.009~0.004	-0.002
	峰度		0.939~0.962	0.952		0.935~0.958	0.948
c	粒径(mm)	10	1.997~2.050	2.030	17	1.685~1.984	1.895
	标准偏差		0.406~0.675	0.479		0.408~0.826	0.489
	偏度		-0.027~0.003	-0.005		-0.051~0.005	-0.004
	峰度		0.930~0.962	0.951		0.921~0.965	0.951
d	粒径(mm)	10	1.998~2.115	2.032	17	1.638~1.981	1.861
	标准偏差		0.408~0.539	0.464		0.408~0.897	0.548
	偏度		-0.013~0.002	-0.001		-0.081~0.004	-0.012
	峰度		0.941~0.962	0.953		0.893~0.963	0.947

入渗实验点编号	a	b	c	d	e
巴丹吉林扎拉特沙层入渗系数(mm/mim)	30.0	20.6	21.1	21.0	21.3
洛川现代土壤入渗系数(mm/mim)	1.32	1.46	1.28	1.10	1.63

Runoff and groundwater recharge conditions in the megadune area of Badain Jaran Desert

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地貌位置	30°斜坡	25°斜坡	平坦高地	15°斜坡	洼地
巴丹吉林干沙层分布深度(cm)	35	32	25	22	12
腾格里中卫干沙层分布深度(cm)	33	30	20	18	10

[1]	SHAO Tianjie, ZHAO Jingbo, DONG Zhibo. Water Chemistry of the Lakes and Groundwater in the Badain Jaran Desert [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(5): 662-672.
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