人类活动对港湾岸线及景观变迁影响的比较研究----以中国象山港与美国坦帕湾为例

doi:10.11821/dlxb201601007

Abstract

Abstract:

Using multitemporal Landsat TM images at a 10-year interval, in this study, we (1) extracted information of spatial location, length, and tortuosity of coastline and landscape configuration, diversity and fragmentation in the bay areas of Xiangshangang Bay, China and Tampa Bay, USA as well from the four 10-year periods from 1985 to 2015; (2) constructed indices of artificial coastline and bay area landscape human disturbance; and (3) explored and discussed the impact of human activities on changes in bay area coastline and landscape types. Our analysis results demonstrate the following five points. (1) In the past 30 years, the length of natural coastline in Xiangshangang Bay and Tampa Bay was shrunk, while the length of their artificial coastline was first elongated and then showed a stable trend. Since there was a difference influence of human activities on coastline and landscape types between the two bay areas, Xiangshangang Bay experienced dramatic changes in parts of coastline geomorphologies and continuous decrease of coastline sinuosity while in Tampa Bay, there was a little change in coastline geomorphologies and its coastline sinuosity was almost unchanged. (2) The intensity of human activities in Xiangshangang Bay was continuously enhanced from 1985 to 1995, and then the degree of enhancement had slowed down after 1995. However, in the time period, the impacted extent of human activities gradually increased and finally covered almost entire coastline in the area. In Tampa Bay area, although the intensity of human activities was enhanced, the degree of enhancement was slow from 1985 to 2015 and the impacted area of human activates was concentrated in several coastal city areas. (3) The average area of landscape patches strongly disturbed by human activities in both Xiangshangang Bay and Tampa Bay generally showed a trend of decreasing from 1985 to 2005. However, during the period of 2005-2015, the mean patch area of landscape disturbed by different degree of human activities in Xiangshangang Bay changed differently, while in Tampa Bay it basically unchanged. (4) From 1985 to 2005, the indices of landscape diversity in various areas of human disturbance in Xiangshangang Bay gradually increased, while in Tampa Bay, changes in indices of the landscape diversity varied. From 2005 to 2015, the change in the intensity of human disturbance in both bay areas was from weak to strong while the indices of landscape diversity in Xiangshangang Bay and Tampa Bay increased first and then decreased. (5) Landscape fragmentation index in different human disturbance areas in both Xiangshangang Bay and Tampa Bay gradually increased from 1985 to 2005 while from 2005 to 2015, in both bay areas, the landscape fragmentation index presented a decreasing trend.

Key words: bay coastline, bay landscape, coastline change, human activities, Xiangshangang Bay, Tampa Bay

LIU Yongchao,LI Jialin,YUAN Qixiang,SHI Xiaoli,PU Ruiliang,YANG Lei,LU Xuezhu. Comparative research on the impact of human activities on changes in coastline and landscape in bay areas: A case study with Xiangshangang Bay, China and Tampa Bay, USA[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(1): 86-103.

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一级类	二级类	说明
自然岸线	基岩岸线	基岩海岸的陆海分界线
	河口岸线	入海河口与海洋的分界线
	生物岸线	红树林与潮滩湿地的界线
	砂砾质岸线	沙滩,砾石滩的海岸线
	淤泥质岸线	淤泥或粉砂质泥滩的海岸线
人工岸线	养殖岸线	潮滩湿地养殖场海侧岸线
	建设岸线	城镇建设用地的海侧岸线
	防护岸线	用于防浪,防潮的岸线
	娱乐休闲岸线	用于生活娱乐休闲的岸线
	港口码头岸线	修筑港口码头形成的岸线

景观类型	景观资源环境影响状况	影响因子
建设用地	对港湾景观资源及生态环境有显著影响,且部分为不可逆的	0.85
养殖用地和盐田	对港湾景观资源及生态环境有较大影响,且大多为不可逆的	0.65
娱乐用地	对港湾景观资源及生态环境稍有影响,且大多为不可逆的	0.55
未利用地	对港湾景观资源及生态环境稍有影响,且大多为不可逆的	0.48
耕地	对港湾景观资源及生态环境影响较小,且部分为可逆的	0.25
湖泊河流	对港湾资源及生态环境影响很小,并具有生态维护调节作用	0.10
林地	对港湾资源及生态环境影响很小,并具有生态维护调节作用	0.10
海域	对港湾资源及生态环境影响很小,并具有生态维护调节作用	0.10
潮滩湿地	对港湾资源及生态环境影响很小,并具有生态维护调节作用	0.10

	中国象山港					美国坦帕湾
	类型		1985-1995年	1995-2005年	2005-2015年	类型	1985-1995年	1995-2005年	2005-2015年
自然岸线	基岩岸线	-46.21	-10.71	-3.83		基岩岸线	-0.22	0.01	-0.04
	河口岸线	-2.74	1.71	-1.17		生物岸线	-14.97	-20.13	-2.54
	砂砾质岸线	0.14	0.05	0.41		砂砾质岸线	0.27	-1.38	0.1
	淤泥质岸线	-15.56	-0.4	0.12		淤泥质岸线	0.68	-1.72	0
	小计	-64.37	-9.34	-4.48		小计	-14.26	-23.21	-2.49
人工岸线	养殖岸线	35.6	6.8	-5.11		防护岸线	-3.27	-0.85	0.4
	建设岸线	0.09	-0.25	4.24		建设岸线	7.01	0.92	1.62
	防护岸线	12.13	-6.5	-0.96		娱乐休闲岸线	2.53	5.54	-0.22
	港口码头岸线	6.08	1.41	-0.69		港口码头岸线	5.64	16.97	0.08
	小计	53.91	1.45	-2.53		小计	11.91	22.58	1.88
	总计	-10.46	-7.89	-7.02		总计	-2.34	-0.64	-0.61

类型	1985年			1995年		2005年			2015年
类型	象山港		坦帕湾		象山港	坦帕湾	象山港	坦帕湾	象山港	坦帕湾
自然岸线	4.25	7.98		4.18	8.22	4.35	8.18		4.42	8.13
人工岸线	3.28	4.32		3.01	4.18	2.86	4.15		2.81	4.03
整体岸线	3.71	5.23		3.42	5.15	3.25	5.09		3.17	5.07

名称	编码	景观组成
低强度干扰区	1	主要是海洋,林地,不透水性小,包含潮滩湿地,红树林等
中低强度干扰区	2	主要是林地,湖泊等自然景观,包括部分农用地和离散住宅
中强度干扰区	3	主要是建筑和植被的混合区,离散的住宅区和农用地
中高强度干扰区	4	主要包含离散的住宅区,准备开发的空旷地
高强度干扰区	5	主要是大面积的建筑物,不透水性大,包含工厂,高密度住宅区,机场等

Comparative research on the impact of human activities on changes in coastline and landscape in bay areas: A case study with Xiangshangang Bay, China and Tampa Bay, USA

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