上海和北京城市创新空间结构的时空演化模式

doi:10.11821/dlxb201512005

Abstract

Abstract:

In today's world, the innovation of science and technology has become the key support for improving comprehensive national strength, also the strong lead for changing the mode of social production and lifestyle. Which country has world-class scientific and technological innovation cities maximizes the attraction to global innovation factors. Which country maximizes the attraction to global innovation factors wins strategic initiative in international competition. Based on urban ZIP code spatial database, the evaluation system of urban innovation was established in the perspective of innovation output, and the spatial evolutionary mode, which is concerning the structure of innovation space of Shanghai and Beijing from 1991 to 2014, was discussed. The results of the research indicated that ZIP districts provided a fresh perspective to study the growth of spatial structure of urban innovation. And the result, which is of the evaluation of spacial structure of urban innovation using urban ZIP code spatial database established by connecting random edge points and Voronoi, was relatively ideal. So the promotional value exists. During the 25 years, the growth of spatial structure of innovation of Shanghai and Beijing demonstrated a lot of common features: with the increase of urban space units participated in innovation year by year, although the overall gap of regional innovation output has narrowed, the trend of spatial agglomeration has strengthened. The growth of spatial structure of innovation of Shanghai and Beijing demonstrated the differences among common features during the 25 years as well: in the trend of the suburbanization of innovation resources, the spatial structure of innovation of Shanghai indicated that the driver has evolved from the single-core driver to the multi-core resonance evolution. Radiation effect using traffic arteries as spatial diffusion corridors was prominent. Accordingly, the spatial correlation effect of its innovation output also indicated the city center hollowness; the spatial structure of innovation of Beijing was single-core (the city center) oriented structure all the way. In the trend that innovation resources were agglomerated in the center, the spatial correlation effect of innovation output indicated the characteristics of the evolutionary feature where "rural area encircles cities". The spatial structure of innovation of Shanghai and Beijing has intrinsic consistency with the spatial structure of their respective regions (Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration), which suggested that the principle of proportional and disproportional distribution of city-scale pattern of technological and innovational activities is closely related to its regional innovation pattern.

Key words: innovation output, ZIP code, spatial-temporal evolution, agglomeration and dispersion, Shanghai, Beijing

Dezhong DUAN, Debin DU, Chengliang LIU. Spatial-temporal evolution mode of urban innovation spatial structure: A case study of Shanghai and Beijing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(12): 1911-1925.

Figures/Tables 6

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城市	指标	1991-1995年	1996-2000年	2001-2005年	2006-2010年	2011-2014年	总计
上海	参与创新的城市空间单元	170	228	246	249	248	–
	国内核心论文	26381	83892	243529	359804	304166	1017772
	国外核心论文	527	3628	16695	46434	43707	110991
	国内发明专利申请	1539	6874	28324	85273	113711	235721
	国际发明专利申请	14	232	2033	4089	6618	12986
北京	参与创新的城市空间单元	144	179	212	231	236	–
	国内核心论文	42238	118544	343556	658073	463312	1625723
	国外核心论文	2034	8758	30200	81888	147995	270875
	国内发明专利申请	5521	8496	33985	95389	148776	292167
	国际发明专利申请	65	397	1675	5852	8516	16505

	1991-1995年		1996-2000年		2001-2005年		2006-2010年		2011-2014年
	上海市	北京市	上海市	北京市	上海市	北京市	上海市	北京市	上海市	北京市
极差	2.035	2.492	2.695	3.019	3.873	3.699	3.507	4.457	4.223	5.049
标准差	0.536	0.665	0.561	0.727	0.616	0.836	0.658	0.945	0.644	0.936
变异系数	0.900	1.043	0.621	0.870	0.462	0.743	0.390	0.645	0.353	0.601
基尼系数	0.502	0.570	0.345	0.486	0.251	0.412	0.215	0.359	0.194	0.334
Moran's I指数	0.383	0.519	0.496	0.547	0.562	0.627	0.604	0.733	0.565	0.727

Spatial-temporal evolution mode of urban innovation spatial structure: A case study of Shanghai and Beijing

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