青海喇家遗址史前灾难成因的探索与辨析

doi:10.11821/dlxb201511007

Abstract

Abstract:

Archaeological excavations have exposed a shocking picture of the prehistorical calamities in the Lajia Ruins in the Guanting Basin along the Yellow River. The destruction reasons has been a hot and focus issue in recent years. Geological records of the major disasters in relation to the devastation of this prehistorical settlement were investigated by detailed field observations, sedimentological analysis and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and ¹⁴C dating. More importantly, we made a comparative study of the conglomerated red clay, the gully deposit at the foot of the Great Red Hills where the Ganggou gullies emerge onto the Guanting Basin, and the palaeoflood deposit of the Yellow River in the barrier lake in the Jishixia. The results show that at ca. 3950 a BP, immediately followed by a major earthquake, the settlement was overtaken by immense mudflows coming along the tributary gullies from the hillsides behind. The enormous mudflows suddenly buried and destroyed the dwellings, which led to the prehistorical calamities in the Lajia Ruins. These results are of important implications in understanding the prehistorical environmental change in the environmentally sensitive zones over the world. It has very important reference value for the further studying of man-land relationship.

Key words: Guanting Basin, Lajia Ruins, prehistorical catastrophes, earthquake, mudflow

Qiang ZHOU, Yuzhu ZHANG. Exploration and analysis of the reasons for pre-historical catastrophes in the Lajia Ruins, Qinghai Province[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(11): 1774-1787.

Figures/Tables 7

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样品位置	磁化率 ×10^-8 m³/kg	质地	主要粒度成分	颜色	硬度	沉积韵律层	单层沉积物厚度	植物残体	坡积石渣土层
剖面顶部	17.1	细粉沙粉沙	粗粉沙	淡黄橙色浊橙色	疏松	不明显	5~20 cm	有	若干层
剖面底部	12	粘土粘土质细粉沙	细粉沙	灰绿色	坚硬	清晰	0.5~1 cm	无	无

样品位置	Fe₂O₃(%)	Al₂O₃(%)	MgO (%)	K₂O (%)	TiO (%)	MnO (%)	Na₂O (%)	Cl(ppm)	Br(ppm)	S(ppm)
剖面顶部	6.61	5.60	1.19	1.31	0.34	0.07	59.35	49261.40	10.90	412.00
剖面底部	7.37	14.06	2.82	2.72	0.62	0.15	0.94	4024.40	7.20	254.90

样品名称	粘粒(μm, %)	细粉沙(μm, %)	粗粉沙(μm, %)	沙粒(μm, %)	中值(μm)	平均(μm)	偏态	峰态	分选系数
XLJ	28.46	56.64	14.89	0.01	4.70	6.97	0.15	0.95	1.33
GGY	28.07	57.39	14.54	0.00	4.87	7.00	0.16	0.92	1.33
JSX	12.50	71.30	16.20	0.00	7.06	6.35	0.08	1.06	0.90

Exploration and analysis of the reasons for pre-historical catastrophes in the Lajia Ruins, Qinghai Province

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