1992-2013年巢湖流域土壤侵蚀动态变化

doi:10.11821/dlxb201511002

Abstract

Abstract:

With the help of GIS and RS technology, and based on remote sensing image data, DEM data, soil type data and relevant statistical data, we use the modified universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) as the evaluation model to determine the relevant parameters of the model, to calculate the soil erosion modulus in Chaohu Watershed from 1992 to 2013, and to analyze the spatial and temporal dynamic changes of soil erosion intensity in this region. The soil erosion area in Chaohu basin is mainly distributed in the NE-SW direction. Slight, mild, moderate, intense, strong and severe erosion accounted for 93.46%, 6.25%, 0.68%, 0.19%, 0.01% and 0.01% of the total watershed area respectively. The largest erosion area was paddy field, accounting for 64.42% of the total watershed, followed by woodland (20.98%) and urban and industrial land (10.36%), which was based on micro erosion and mild erosion mentioned above. From 1992 to 2006, the soil erosion modulus decreased from 510.70 t/(km²·a) to 129.79 t/(km²·a), falling by 74.59%, while the vegetation cover increased from 37% to 47.80%. The change of soil erosion area was obvious: mild (8.93%), moderate (2.33%), intense (1.32%), extreme (0.09%) and severe erosion (0.05%) were reduced to 4.74%, 1.39%, 0.28%, 0.02% and 0.01%, respectively, while slight erosion increased from 87.88% to 94.16%. However, the slight erosion reduced to 93.46%, and the slight erosion had a worsening trend in 2013. From 1992 to 2013, the soil erosion modulus increased from 129.79 t/(km²·a) to 149.44 t/(km²·a), an increase of 15.14%, meanwhile the vegetation cover rate decreased from 47.80% to 45.15%.

Key words: soil erosion, geographic information systems(GIS), RUSLE, Chaohu Watershed

Liangsong ZHA, Guohui DENG, Jiachuang GU. Dynamic changes of soil erosion in the Chaohu Watershed from 1992 to 2013[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(11): 1708-1719.

Figures/Tables 17

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影像数据	成像时间	条带号	地面分辨率(m)
Landsat TM	1992-07-23	121/38	30
Landsat TM	1991-08-31	120/38	30, 15
Landsat ETM+	2000-07-05	121/38	30, 15
Landsat ETM+	2000-06-12	120/38	30, 15
Landsat ETM+	2006-07-30	121/38	30, 15
Landsat ETM+	2006-07-31	120/38	30, 15
Landsat 8 OLI_TIRS	2013-05-13	121/38	30, 15

土类名称	亚类名称	土属名称	PH值	全氮(g/kg)	全磷(g/kg)	全钾(g/kg)	k值
潮土	灰潮土	石灰性砂泥土	8.55	0.098	0.063	1.91	0.253
水稻土	潴育水稻土	马肝田	6.92	0.210	0.066	1.96	0.282
紫色土	石灰性紫色	石灰性紫色土	7.40	0.074	0.023	1.91	0.000
黄褐土	粘盘黄褐土	马肝土	6.98	0.061	0.026	1.96	0.299
水稻土	渗育水稻土	渗泥质田	6.02	0.208	0.042	2.36	0.249
水稻土	潜育水稻土	青泥田	6.07	0.085	0.022	1.86	0.248
水稻土	淹育水稻土	浅马肝田	7.35	0.057	0.020	1.67	0.249
黄棕壤	黄棕壤	铁质黄棕壤	6.89	0.071	0.323	1.44	0.362
粗骨土	酸性粗骨土	硅铁质砂砾土	5.10	0.102	0.137	2.24	0.000
水稻土	漂洗水稻土	澄白土田	7.44	0.012	0.030	1.35	0.250
石质土	酸性石质土	硅质岩砾质土	4.90	0.088	0.018	1.13	0.000
水稻土	脱潜水稻土	脱青潮砂泥田	6.32	0.083	0.019	2.02	0.254
石灰岩土	棕色石灰土	棕色石灰土	6.70	0.144	0.052	1.67	0.384
石灰岩土	黑色石灰土	黑色石灰土	7.57	0.341	0.111	1.32	0.384
紫色土	酸性紫色土	酸性紫色土	4.43	0.083	0.028	1.79	0.000
潮土	潮土	两合土	8.27	0.065	0.051	1.75	0.253
紫色土	中性紫色土	中性紫色土	6.60	0.072	0.027	2.04	0.000
黄棕壤	黄棕壤性土	黄棕壤性土	4.87	0.104	0.021	1.24	0.362
红壤	黄红壤	铁质黄红壤	4.79	0.087	0.041	1.73	0.217
棕壤	酸性棕壤	硅铝质暗棕土	5.34	0.056	0.100	1.83	0.314
黄棕壤	暗黄棕壤	硅铝质暗黄棕壤	5.19	0.150	0.030	2.56	0.362

	微度	轻度	中度	强度	极强	剧烈	总计
1992年	→ 2000年
微度	14299.66	201.12	29.65	14.58	0	0	14545.01
轻度	574.24	798.62	85.17	19.63	0	0	1477.65
中度	128.27	131.68	98.67	27.02	0.60	0.09	386.33
强度	0.01	1.90	72.23	137.89	6.93	0.11	219.07
极强	0	0	2.34	2.59	5.18	5.33	15.44
剧烈	0	0	1.74	3.31	1.57	1.81	8.43
总计	15002.17	1133.32	289.79	205.02	14.27	7.35
2000年	→ 2006年
微度	14791.57	166.92	30.28	13.40	0	0	15002.17
轻度	688.68	415.51	21.26	7.87	0	0	1133.32
中度	95.46	167.18	20.99	5.67	0.39	0.11	289.79
强度	10.06	34.48	154.20	5.80	0.37	0.11	205.02
极强	0	0	2.61	8.62	2.86	0.17	14.27
剧烈	0	0	0.14	5.60	0.27	1.33	7.35
总计	15585.76	784.09	229.48	46.96	3.89	1.73
2006年	→ 2013年
微度	15246.95	279.02	43.95	15.85	0	0	15585.76
轻度	212.97	543.66	21.61	5.85	0	0	784.09
中度	8.61	205.06	10.64	4.22	0.89	0.07	229.49
强度	0.64	6.77	35.71	3.01	0.75	0.08	46.96
极强	0	0	0.63	1.88	0.62	0.76	3.89
剧烈	0	0	0.73	0.75	0.19	0.07	1.73
总计	15469.16	1034.51	113.27	31.56	2.45	0.98

侵蚀强度	水田	旱地	林地	草地	水域	城镇及工矿用地	未利用地
微度	63.62	1.92	20.63	0.88	1.32	10.26	0.01
轻度	0.66	0.02	0.30	0.02	0.04	0.08	0.00
中度	0.08	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00
强度	0.03	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
极强	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
剧烈	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00
合计	64.42	1.95	20.98	0.91	1.38	10.36	0.01

Dynamic changes of soil erosion in the Chaohu Watershed from 1992 to 2013

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侵蚀强度	微度	轻度	中度	强度	极强	剧烈
1992年	87.88	8.93	2.33	1.32	0.09	0.05
2000年	90.63	6.84	1.75	1.24	0.09	0.05
2006年	94.16	4.74	1.39	0.28	0.02	0.01
2013年	93.46	6.25	0.68	0.19	0.01	0.01

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