上海城市建成环境对居民通勤方式选择的影响

doi:10.11821/dlxb201510010

Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapid urbanization and motorization in China, the increasing car ownership promotes the dependence on automobile commuting, and hinders sustainable development and leads to serious traffic congestion and environment pollution as well. Based on the questionnaire survey from the residents in the central city of Shanghai, a multinomial logit model was applied to explore the impact of built environment on residents' commuting mode. It is concluded that the urban built environment has a significant effect on the choice of motorized commuting. Specifically, after limiting other factors, improving population density, mixed land use and the proportion of crossroads in residential areas may help refrain the choice of automobile commuting, while urban built environment of employment areas has less impact on residential choice commuting mode. Besides, the built environment has different impacts on commuting mode choice due to heterogeneity of individual socio-economic characteristics. The policy implication of the research results is that commuting mode could be optimized by improving land use planning and transit environment designing.

Key words: built environment, commuting mode, automobile, multinomial logit model, Shanghai

Bindong SUN, Bo DAN. Impact of urban built environment on residential choice of commuting mode in Shanghai[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(10): 1664-1674.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

The results of multinomial logit model ('commuting by car' as reference)

变量	模型1：解释变量未纳入通勤距离				模型2：解释变量纳入通勤距离
变量	步行		自行/助动车	公共交通	步行	自行/助动车	公共交通
建成环境特征居住地
建成环境特征居住地					人口密度		0.4572^*	0.4621^**	0.3897^**	0.7166^***	0.5033^**	0.3300^*
土地利用混合度		0.4831	0.6011^**	0.5526^**	0.6463^*	0.6162^**	0.5015^**
十字路口比		3.6437^**	3.0694^*	2.8221^**	3.5076^*	3.1742^*	3.1398^**
交通运输用地比		-0.3090	1.5252	-1.7619	1.2909	2.0077	-1.3349
距主中心距离		-0.0733	0.0176	-0.0148	0.0325	0.0481	-0.0511
就业地
就业密度		-0.1766	0.0006	0.2106^**	-0.0374	0.0586	0.1505
土地利用混合度		-0.1520	0.2715^**	-0.0420	0.0079	0.2536^*	-0.0223
十字路口比		-0.7570	-1.3369	-1.7141	0.2991	-2.0901	-1.2933
交通运输用地比		-0.8767	-1.8941	0.4958	-0.4079	-2.0355	0.8172
距主中心距离		-0.0505	-0.0400	0.0333	-0.0397	--0.0462	0.0017
个体社会经济特征
住房性质
单位分房(是=1)		-0.1996	-1.0505	-1.8464^***	-0.8518	-1.0334	-1.9700^***
自有房屋(是=1)		-2.4706^***	-1.1923^***	-0.7561^*	-2.5363^***	-0.8434^*	-0.9580^**
性别(男=1)		-0.9866^**	-0.1329	-0.4948	-1.3091^***	-0.1068	-0.7492^**
年龄(岁)
31~40(否=0)		-1.5436^***	-0.7424^*	-1.0081^***	-1.6292^***	-0.7910^*	-0.9419^**
41~50(否=0)		1.1518	0.7265	0.7726	2.0302^**	0.8467	0.9929
51及以上(否=0)		-1.0115	0.3030	-1.2921	-0.1994	0.0934	-1.0561
月收入(元)
4001~6000(否=0)		-0.9824^**	-1.5316^***	-0.9756^**	-0.5899	-1.4952^***	-1.0663^***
6001~8000(否=0)		-0.7321	-1.1503^**	-0.4742	0.2486	-0.9386*	-0.4925
8001~10000(否=0)		0.1012	-2.4054^***	-1.0384^**	0.7223	-2.3141^***	-1.3281^**
10001及以上(否=0)		-2.2980^***	-3.2988^***	-2.0403^***	-1.1082	-2.9749^***	-2.1424^***
家庭特征
家庭规模		-0.2607	-0.4422^**	-0.1173	-0.0414	-0.4350^*	-0.1554
家庭就业人数		0.3185	0.5601^*	0.2573	0.0882	0.4694	0.2505
是否有未成年人(是=1)		-0.8385^*	0.1022	-1.3111^***	-1.2809^**	-0.0758	-1.2285^***
通勤距离					-1.1223^***	-0.1556^***	0.0937^***
截距		2.8410	0.4590	2.4125	2.7502	1.2014	2.2839
N			857			857
Pseudo R²			0.2061			0.4039
Log likelihood		.	-748.2758	.	.	-561.8536	.
Chi2			388.5232			761.3677

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

References 27

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通勤方式选择	样本数量	比重(%)	平均通勤距离(km)	平均通勤时间(min)
小汽车	90	10.50	8.99	32.62
步行	123	14.35	1.17	14.86
自行/助动车	125	14.59	4.62	25.63
公共交通	519	60.56	11.72	49.33
共计	857	100.00

		样本数量	比重(%)			样本数量	比重(%)
家庭就业人数(个)	1	298	34.77	居住性质	自有房屋	440	51.34
	2	437	50.99		单位分房	56	6.54
	3及以上	122	14.24		租房	361	42.12
家庭未成年人数(个)	0	532	62.08	年龄(岁)	20及以下	17	1.98
	1	305	35.59		21~30	466	54.38
	2及以上	20	2.33		31~40	283	33.02
月收入(元)	0~4000	450	52.51		41~50	64	7.47
	4001~6000	187	21.82	51及以上		27	3.15
	6001~8000	95	11.09	性别	男	548	63.94
	8001~10000	53	6.18	性别	女	309	36.06
	10001及以上	72	8.40	文化程度	初中及以下	36	4.20
家庭规模(个)	1	206	24.04	文化程度	高中/职中	178	20.77
	2	150	17.50	大学专科/本科		557	64.99
	3及以上	500	58.34	硕士及以上		86	10.04

变量	模型1：解释变量未纳入通勤距离
变量	步行	自行/助动车	公共交通
居住地土地利用混合度×性别	1.4095^**	0.6501	0.6040
居住地土地利用混合度×性别	(0.6356)	(0.4519)	(0.4135)
居住地人口密度×年龄dummy(31-40)	-0.7013^*	-0.6705^*	-0.4644
居住地人口密度×年龄dummy(31-40)	(0.3913)	(0.3457)	(0.3137)
居住地十字路口比×月收入dummy(10001及以上)	10.5619	19.1280^**	6.0700
居住地十字路口比×月收入dummy(10001及以上)	(8.5664)	(7.5962)	(4.3486)

Impact of urban built environment on residential choice of commuting mode in Shanghai

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Figures/Tables 6

References 27

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变量名	样本数量	均值	标准差	最小值	最大值
居住地
人口密度(万人/km²)	857	2.62	1.25	0.26	5.88
土地利用混合度	857	1.08	0.81	0.25	6.83
交通运输用地比	857	0.19	0.07	0.07	0.61
十字路口比	857	0.44	0.12	0.13	0.94
距主中心距离(km)	857	8.19	4.54	0	26.92
就业地
就业密度(万人/km²)	857	2.23	1.77	0.03	8.14
土地利用混合度	857	1.14	1.12	0.25	6.83
交通运输用地比	857	0.20	0.08	0.04	0.61
十字路口比	857	0.45	0.11	0.08	0.94
距主中心距离(km)	857	7.21	5.66	0	39.35
通勤时间(min)	857	39.17	23.84	1	150
通勤距离(km)	857	8.88	8.53	0.10	89.60

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