中国传统聚落景观基因组图谱特征

doi:10.11821/dlxb201510005

Abstract

Abstract:

Thousands of traditional settlements with prominent historical and cultural information of China are considered as the Chinese traditional treasures. They play an important role in the new tide of current social-economic development and urbanization processes of China. Recently, the Landscape Gene Theory (LGT), which aims to dissect the cultural features of traditional settlements of China, is a powerful tool for a better understanding of the landscape patterns of traditional settlements and is gaining more and more attention. Plenty of prominent cultural factors derived from the traditional settlements are identified by LGT. These are very helpful knowledge about the intrinsic cultural features implicated in the traditional settlements. However, LGT does not still cope well with the co-relationships among landscape genes of traditional settlements. Therefore, LGT cannot capture the mechanisms between the prominent cultural factors and landscape images of traditional settlements. Targeted to partly resolve this issue, this paper employs methods in genome mapping of biology and LGT to integrate into a new research framework to address these mechanisms. The framework is named as Traditional Settlement Landscapes' Genome Maps (TSLGM) according to its conception and connotation. The paper is organized in the following orders. Firstly, it makes the definition and classification of TSLGM by the theoretical fundamental and essential features of LGT. Secondly, the functionalities and academic significances of TSLGM are also highlighted. Thirdly, practical flowcharts for constructing and organizing an instance of TSLGM are brought forward. Finally, 30 well-known traditional settlements of Hunan Province of China are taken as study areas. The paper portrays the spatial pattern for the 30 traditional settlements according to their TSLGM. Furthermore, a genome pattern identification of landscape genes of traditional settlements is performed by using Jinshan village of Rucheng County as an example. To sum up, this paper indicates that TSLGM plays a paramount role in capturing characteristics of the traditional settlements, which is a potential methodological progress for LGT. From this paper, it is found that TSLGM has some potential points in traditional settlement digitalization, planning pattern mining and characteristics of regional traditional landscapes identification.

Key words: genomics, traditional settlements, landscape gene, landscape genomics, genomics-graphs, China

Zui HU, Peilin LIU. The conceptual model and characterizations of landscape genome maps of traditional settlements in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(10): 1592-1605.

Figures/Tables 13

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Tab. 1

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Tab. 3

Tab. 4

List of traditional settlement landscapes' genome maps of Hunan Province

类型	古镇(村)	特征描述
等级规制式	南岳镇	南岳古镇以朝拜的“香市”而兴盛。大庙为古镇的核心,为红墙角楼、九进四重的中轴对称式寺院建筑。东西两侧各分布有八个道观和寺院。
	铜官镇	自唐代开始即以陶瓷手工业闻名的古镇。泗洲庙为陶瓷工人祭拜祖师所兴建的庙宇,威严而雄伟,具有典型的中轴对称格局特征。
	上甘棠村	以文昌阁为中心形成了对称的宫殿式建筑群;民居也具有考究的中轴对称特点。
	三甲乡	以槽门、正厅为主轴线,两边对称布局;形成了两进两厅、三进两厅等形式的院落。
吸附排列式	靖港镇	为古代湖南省重要的物资集散中心之一。沿航运的河道和码头等形成了“八街七巷四码头”的街巷景观格局。
	杨市镇	自唐代即开始兴盛的湘中重要商埠。位于孙水河畔,具备通航条件,为重要的交通商贸型集镇。
	聂市镇	地处聂市河畔,紧依长江,有水路通达汉口而兴起的交通商贸型城镇。
	里耶镇	地处湘、鄂、黔、渝四省交界处的酉水河畔,清朝始建街道和码头,为重要的交通商贸型城镇,形成了“七街十巷”的格局。
	芙蓉镇	位于酉水之滨,原为县治。拥有以吊脚楼和青石板为特色的五里长街。
	边城镇	以清水江为界与重庆、贵州相望,有“一脚踩三省”之称,历史上水运发达。
	高沙镇	蓼水河穿镇而过,自汉代即成为集镇,为湘西南最重要的物资集散地之一。
	谈文溪村	青石铺就的古官道穿村而过,有大量的明清古建筑。
	壶天村	地扼宝庆(即今邵阳)到巴陵(即今岳阳)的古代官道,发展成为典型的商贸集镇。
	浦市镇	位于沅江中游,常年可通航,拥有三条商贸古街和二十多个货运码头。
	芦洪市镇	交通便利,商贸繁荣,形成了三条老街和油埠码头。
向心封闭式	高椅村	以五通庙为核心,形成了梅花阵的格局。
	荆坪村	以潘氏宗祠为村落的核心,形成了八卦图格局
	寨市镇	拥有青石城墙,目前拥有九庙、四祠、两庵、两阁、鼓楼和风雨桥等古迹。
	大园村	以杨氏宗祠为核心,分布有多座结构相似的窨子屋。
	楼田村	以廉溪书院为中心,古城墙为边界。
	坦田村	形成了以岁圆楼为中心的格局
	黑砠岭村	“三厅九进二十四巷”的格局,体现了“五带同塘”的意象。
纽带维系式	干岩头村	形成了周家大院为代表的“北斗七星”格局
	楼下村	拥有多处明清古建筑,形成了典型的耕读文化
	香花村	形成了以绍子堂、家训堂、伟训堂、松翠堂为典型的明清建筑群。
	荷叶镇	以富厚堂为代表的曾氏族人故居,村落布局形如荷叶格局。
	村头村	何姓聚居村落
	龙溪村	形成了以李家大院为主体的建筑组群,李家宗祠为三进三厅的合院式建筑,户户相连。
	张谷英镇	结合周围的环境与地势、河流形成“龙”格局。
	枫树山村	形成了以体仁堂为中心的分散型聚落。

Tab. 4

Fig.9

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类型	表达对象	表达内容
空间序列图谱	单个传统聚落	单个景观基因组中的基因分布特征、功能等
排列模式图谱	特定研究区域	相同类型的景观基因组的共性特征
空间格局图谱	特定研究区域	研究区内不同类型的景观基因组的空间格局特征

类型	典型的空间序列图解	案例的特征描述与说明	排列模式抽象图
等级规制式		南岳大庙体现了等级鲜明、规整、严格对称的特点。配置格局为中轴对称式,体现了佛寺与道观平等、和谐、共存的特征。
吸附排列式		靖港体现了景观基因类型多样、排列有序、向吸附轴线(航运河道)集中的特点。配置格局为“八街四巷七码头”。
向心封闭式		高椅体现了景观基因围绕着吸附核心(五通庙)作规则排列的特点。配置格局为“五通-梅花阵”。
纽带维系式		干岩头体现了景观基因根据特定的纽带而维系在一起,具有分散和开放的特点。配置格局为“北斗七星式”。

The conceptual model and characterizations of landscape genome maps of traditional settlements in China

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