基于土壤侵蚀控制度的黄土高原水土流失治理潜力研究

doi:10.11821/dlxb201509012

Abstract

Abstract:

The capacity of soil and water conservation measures, defined as the maximum quantity of suitable soil and water conservation measures contained in a region, were determined for the Loess Plateau based on zones suitable for establishing terraced fields, forestland and grassland with the support of geographic information system (GIS) software. The minimum possible soil erosion modulus and actual soil erosion modulus in 2010 were calculated using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE), and the rate of the minimum possible soil erosion modulus under the soil and water conservation measures to the actual soil erosion modulus was defined as the soil erosion control degree. The control potential of soil erosion and water loss in the Loess Plateau was studied using this concept. Results showed that the actual soil erosion modulus were 3355 t·km^-2·a^-1, the minimum possible soil erosion modulus was 1921 t·km^-2·a^-1, and the soil erosion control degree was 0.57 (medium level) on the Loess Plateau in 2010. In terms of zones, the control degree was relatively high in the valley plain zones, soil and rock mountainous zones, and windy sand zones, but relatively low in the soil and rock hilly forest zones, hilly gully zones and plateau gully zones. In terms of river basins, the soil erosion control degree was relatively high in the Dahei River, Huangfu River, Qingshui River, Kuye River and Pianguan River basins, but relatively low in the Qingjian River, Wuding River, Jialu River, and Yanhe River basins. The rate of erosion zones with a soil erosion modulus of less than 1000 t·km^-2·a^-1 increased from 50.48% to 57.71%, forest and grass coverage rose from 56.74% to 69.15%, ratio of terraced fields increased from 4.36% to 19.03%, and per capita grain yield rose from 418 kg·a^-1 to 459 kg·a^-1 under the soil and water conservation measures compared with actual conditions.

Key words: Loess Plateau, soil erosion control degree, control potential of soil erosion and water loss, RUSLE

Haidong GAO, Zhanbin LI, Peng LI, Lianlian JIA, Guoce XU, Zongping REN, Guowei PANG, Binhua ZHAO. The capacity of soil loss control in the Loess Plateau based on soil erosion control degree[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(9): 1503-1515.

Figures/Tables 11

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References 41

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植被覆盖度(%)	0~20	20~40	40~60	60~80	80~100
林地	0.25	0.12	0.06	0.02	0.004
草地	0.45	0.24	0.15	0.09	0.043

分区	现状土壤侵蚀模数(t·km^-2·a^-1)	最小可能土壤侵蚀模数(t·km^-2·a^-1)	降幅(%)
河谷平原区	1377	978	28.98
风沙区	465	311	33.12
黄土土石丘陵林区	3436	1863	45.78
黄土丘陵沟壑区	4997	2477	50.43
黄土高塬沟壑区	5417	2611	51.80
土石山区	3824	2650	30.70
全区	3355	1921	42.74

分区	现状条件下(%)			水土保持措施容量条件下(%)
分区	微度侵蚀区		轻度及以上侵蚀区	微度侵蚀区	轻度及以上侵蚀区
河谷平原区	72.89	27.11		75.90	24.10
风沙区	87.27	12.73		90.38	9.62
土石丘陵林区	45.16	54.84		52.77	47.23
丘陵沟壑区	31.66	68.34		43.57	56.43
高塬沟壑区	37.38	62.62		46.58	53.42
土石山区	40.81	59.19		46.94	53.06
全区	50.48	49.52		57.71	42.29

河流	现状土壤侵蚀模数(t·km^-2·a^-1)	最小可能土壤侵蚀模数(t·km^-2·a^-1)	土壤侵蚀控制度
祖厉河	5050	3134	0.62
清水河	2718	1849	0.68
大黑河	1802	1536	0.85
偏关河	5358	3496	0.65
岚漪河	5132	3209	0.63
蔚汾河	5452	2834	0.52
皇甫川	2287	1710	0.75
孤山川	3175	1916	0.60
窟野河	1911	1300	0.68
秃尾河	2192	1079	0.49
佳芦河	4356	1767	0.41
无定河	2597	1011	0.39
清涧河	8230	3128	0.38
延河	9531	3871	0.41
北洛河	5292	2877	0.54
泾河	6345	3189	0.50
渭河	4603	2161	0.47
汾河	3486	1808	0.52

土地利用类型	现状条件下			水土保持措施容量条件下
土地利用类型	面积(万hm²)		比例(%)	面积(万hm²)	比例(%)
水田	58.75	0.91		58.74	0.91
水浇地	288.72	4.47		288.72	4.47
坝地	28.63	0.44		28.63	0.44
梯田	281.85	4.36		1229.31	19.03
坡耕地	1443.91	22.35		0.00	0.00
林地	968.28	14.99		1248.72	19.33
草地	2697.69	41.75		3219.16	49.82
其它	693.63	10.73		388.18	6.01

The capacity of soil loss control in the Loess Plateau based on soil erosion control degree

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河流(水文站)	输沙量(万t)	沉积量(万t)	侵蚀量(万t)	泥沙输移比
秃尾河(高家川)	1713.51	271.09	1984.60	0.70
大理河(绥德)	2174.56	1119.47	3294.03	0.56
佳芦河(申家湾)	875.37	223.42	1098.79	0.64
岔巴沟(曹坪)	71.75	131.40	203.15	0.33
无定河(白家川)	4930.95	5555.41	10486.36	0.44
孤山川(高石崖)	1208.44	298.25	1506.70	0.59
皇甫川(皇甫)	3203.57	193.59	3397.16	0.87
窟野河(温家川)	6779.99	274.16	7054.15	0.82

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