陆地表层人类活动强度：概念、方法及应用

doi:10.11821/dlxb201507004

Abstract

Abstract:

Human activity intensity is a synthesis index for describing the effect and influence of land surface. This paper presents the concepts of human activity intensity and construction land equivalent, builds an algorithm model for human activity intensity, and establishes a method for converting different land use/land cover types into construction land equivalent as well. An application in China based on the land use data from 1984 to 2008 is also included. The results are shown as follows: (1) Human activity intensity is defined as the degree of land use, transformation and exploitation by human beings. It is an effective way to determine the construction land equivalent coefficient of different land use/land cover types by taking construction land equivalent as a basic unit and identifying the alteration of land surface natural properties caused by human activities. The application in China and correlation analysis with population density indicated that it is feasible to take the ratio of the construction land equivalent area to the total area as an indicator of human activity intensity. (2) We adopted a two-level method of eight attribute labels to construct general standard of converting different land use types into construction land equivalent, and establish a method for calculating the coefficient of construction land equivalent. We also built a coefficient table for constructing land equivalent of 49 land use types based on the latest land use classification system. (3) The human activity intensity in China increased from 7.63% in 1984 to 8.54% in 2008. It could be generally divided into five levels: very high, high, medium, low and very low, according to the human activity intensity at county level in 2008, which is rated by over 27%, 16%-27%, 10%-16%, 6%-10% and below 6%. The human activity intensity in China was spatially split into eastern and western parts by the line of Helan Mountain-Longmen Mountain-Jinghong; the eastern part was characterized by the levels of very high, high and medium, while the western part was featured by the low and very low levels.

Key words: human activity intensity, land surface, construction land equivalent, land use/land cover types, China

Yong XU, Xiaoyi SUN, Qing TANG. Human activity intensity of land surface: Concept, method and application in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(7): 1068-1079.

Figures/Tables 9

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Fig. 1

Tab. 3

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Tab. 4

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

References 40

[1]	Ye Duzheng, Fu Congbin, Ji Jinjun, et al.Orderly human activities and subsistence environment. Advance in Earth Sciences, 2001, 16(4): 453-460.
	[叶笃正, 符淙斌, 季劲钧, 等. 有序人类活动与生存环境. 地球科学进展, 2001, 16(4): 453-460.]
[2]	Miler R B.Interactions and collaboration in global change across the social and natural sciences. IMBIO, 1994, 23(1): 19-24.
[3]	Liu Yanhua, Ge Quansheng, Fang Xiuqi, et al.Global environmental change and the national security of China. Advance in Earth Sciences, 2006, 21(4): 346-351.
	[刘燕华, 葛全胜, 方修琦, 等. 全球环境变化与中国国家安全. 地球科学进展, 2006, 21(4): 346-351.]
[4]	Shi Peijun, Li Ning, Ye Qian, et al.Research on global environmental change and integrated disaster risk governance. Advance in Earth Sciences, 2009, 24(4): 428-435.
	[史培军, 李宁, 叶谦, 等. 全球环境变化与综合灾害风险防范研究. 地球科学进展, 2009, 24(4): 428-435.]
[5]	IPCC. Climate Change: Synthesis Report. Working Groups I, II and III Contribution to the 5th Assessment Report. 2014.
[6]	Roger G. Barry. Mountain cryospheric studies and the WCRP climate and cryosphere (CliC) project. Journal of Hydrology, 2003, 282, Issues 1-4: 177-181.
[7]	Wolfram Mauser, Gernot Klepper, Martin Rice, et al.Transdisciplinary global change research: the co-creation of knowledge for sustainability. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2013, 5(3/4): 420-431.
[8]	Leemans R, Asrar G, Canadell JG, et al.Developing a common strategy for integrated global change research and outreach: the Earth System Science Partnership(ESSP). Curr Opin Environ Sustain, 2009, 1: 4-13.
[9]	Jill Jäger.The international human dimensions programme on global environmental change (IHDP). Global Environmental Change, 2003, 13(1): 69-73.
[10]	Michel Loreau, Isabelle Olivieri.Diversitas: an international programme of biodiversity science. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 1999, (14): 2-3.
[11]	Turner I B L, Skole D, Sanderson S, et al. Land-use and land-cover change science/research plan, IGBP Report No.35 and HDP Report No.7. Stochkholm: IGBP, 1995.
[12]	Li Xiubin.A review of the international researches on land use/cover change. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1996, 51(6): 553-557.
	[李秀彬. 全球环境变化研究的核心领域: 土地利用/土地覆被变化的国际研究动向. 地理学报, 1996, 51(6): 553-558.]
[13]	LO Fresco, R Leemans, AE van Zeijl-Rozema. Land use and cover change (LUCC) open science meeting Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 29-31 January 1996. Land Use Policy, 1996, 13(4): 332-334.
[14]	Raffaele Pelorosso, Antonio Leone, Lorenzo Boccia.Land cover and land use change in the Italian central Apennines: A comparison of assessment methods. Applied Geography, 2009, 29(1): 35-48.
[15]	Liu Jiyuan, Deng Xiangzheng.Development of research method of LUCC spatio-temporal process. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2009, 54(21): 3251-3258.
	[刘纪远, 邓祥征.LUCC 时空过程研究的方法进展. 科学通报. 2009, 54(21): 3251-3258.]
[16]	Tang Huajun, Wu Wenbin, Yang Peng, et al.Recent progresses of land use and land cover change (LUCC) models. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2009, 64(4): 456-468.
	[唐华俊, 吴文斌, 杨鹏, 等. 土地利用/土地覆被变化(LUCC)模型研究进展. 地理学报, 2009, 64(4): 456-468.]
[17]	General Office of the State Council ([2010] No.46)]. Major functional area planning in China. 2010.
	[中华人民共和国国务院. 全国主体功能区规划. 国务院文件46号, 2010.]
[18]	Fan Jie, Li Pingxing.The scientific foundation of major function oriented zoning in China. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2009, 19(5): 515-531.
[19]	Zhuang Dafang, Liu Jiyuan.Study on the model of regional differentiation of land use degree in China. Journal of Natural Resources, 1997, 12(2): 105-111.
	[庄大方, 刘纪远. 中国土地利用程度的区域分异模型研究. 自然资源学报, 1997, 12(2): 105-111.]
[20]	Xu Zhigang, Zhuang Dafang, Yang Lin.Construction and application of regional quantitative model of human activity intensity. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2009, 11(4): 452-460.
	[徐志刚, 庄大方, 杨琳. 区域人类活动强度定量模型的建立与应用. 地球信息科学学报, 2009, 11(4): 452-460.]
[21]	Zhu Huiyi, Li Xiubin.Discussion on the index method of regional land use change. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2003, 58(5): 643-650.
	[朱会义, 李秀彬. 关于区域土地利用变化指数模型方法的讨论. 地理学报, 2003, 58(5): 643-650.]
[22]	Wen Ying.Preliminary discussion on the method of quantitative assessment of human activity intensity. Impact of Science on Society, 1998(4): 55-60.
	[文英. 人类活动强度定量评价方法的初步探讨. 科学对社会的影响, 1998(4): 55-60.]
[23]	Li Xiangyun, Wang Lixin, Zhang Yushu, et al.Analysis of roles of human activities in land desertification in arid area of Northwest China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2004, 24(1): 68-75.
	[李香云, 王立新, 章子舒, 等. 西北干旱区土地荒漠化中人类活动作用及其指标择. 地理科学, 2004, 24(1): 68-75.]
[24]	Zhang Cuiyun, Wang Zhao.Quantitative assessment of human activity intensity in the Heihe catchment. Advance in Earth Sciences, 2004, 19(Suppl): 386-390.
	[张翠云, 王昭. 黑河流域区域人类活动强度的定量评价. 地球科学进展, 2004, 19(Suppl.): 386-390.]
[25]	Wang Guisheng, Xie Yaowen, Wang Xueqiang.Evaluation on human activity in the middle reaches of Heihe River in historical period: A case study on the Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. Journal of Desert Research, 2013, 33(4): 1225-1234.
	[汪桂生, 颉耀文, 王学强. 黑河中游历史时期人类活动强度定量评价: 以明、清及民国时期为例. 中国沙漠, 2013, 33(4): 1225-1234.]
[26]	Hu Zhibin, He Xingyuan, Li Yuehui, et al.Human activity intensity and its spatial distribution pattern in upper reach of Minjiang river. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2007, 26(4): 539-543.
	[胡志斌, 何兴元, 李月辉, 等. 岷江上游地区人类活动强度及其特征. 生态学杂志, 2007, 26(4): 539-543.]
[27]	Wang Jinzhe, Zhang Guanghui, Nie Zhenlong, et al.Quantitative assessment of human activity intensity in Hutuohe catchment. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2009, 23(10): 41-44.
	[王金哲, 张光辉, 聂振龙, 等. 滹沱河流域平原区人类活动强度的定量评价. 干旱区资源与环境, 2009, 23(10): 41-44.]
[28]	Zheng Wenwu, Tian Yaping, Zou Jun, et al.Spatial simulation of human activity intensity in hilly red soil region of southern China: A case study in Hengyang basin, Hunan Province. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2010, 12(5): 628-633.
	[郑文武, 田亚平, 邹君, 等. 南方红壤丘陵区人类活动强度的空间模拟与特征分析: 以衡阳盆地为例. 地球信息科学学报, 2010, 12(5): 628-633.]
[29]	William E.Rees. Ecological footprint, concept of. Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, 2001(2): 229-244.
[30]	Mathis Wackernagel, William E.Rees. Perceptual and structural barriers to investing in natural capital: Economics from an ecological footprint perspective. Ecological Economics, 1997, 20(1): 3-24.
[31]	Akira Sekiya, Sayuri Okamoto.Evaluation of carbon dioxide equivalent values for greenhouse gases: CEWN as a new indicator replacing GWP. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 2010, 131(3): 364-368.
[32]	Wu Chuanjun, Guo Huancheng. Chinese Land Use.Beijing: Science Press, 1994.
	[吴传钧, 郭焕成. 中国土地利用. 北京: 科学出版社, 1994.]
[33]	US-SGCR/CENR. Our changing plant, the FY 1996 U.S. global change research program. Washington, D.C.: US-GCRIO, 1996.
[34]	Graetz D.Land cover: Trying to make the task tractable/Proceeding of the Workshop on Global Land Use/Cover Modelling. New York, 1993.
[35]	Zhu Chunyang, Li Fang, Li Shuhua.Research on the influence of different pavement structures in landscape path on rainfall infiltration process. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2009(3): 91-97.
	[朱春阳, 李芳, 李树华. 园林道路不同铺装结构对雨水入渗过程的影响. 中国园林, 2009(3): 91-97.]
[36]	Hou Lizhu, Feng Shaoyuan, Ding Yueyuan, et al.Runoff-rainfall relationship for multilayer infiltration systems under artificial rainfalls. Transactions of the CSAE, 2006, 22(9): 100-105.
	[侯立柱, 冯绍元, 丁跃元, 等. 人工降雨条件下多层渗滤介质系统产流与入渗规律试验研究. 农业工程学报, 2006, 22(9): 100-105.]
[37]	Liu Zhenhuan, Li You, Peng Jian.Progress and perspective of the research on hydrological effects of urban impervious surface on water environment. Progress in Geography, 2011, 30(3): 275-281.
	[刘珍环, 李猷, 彭建.城市不透水表面的水环境效应研究进展. 地理科学进展. 2011, 30(3): 275-281.]
[38]	Wang Hongjie, Li Xianwen, Shi Xuezheng, et al.Distribution of soil nutrient under different land use and relationship between soil nutrient and soil granule composition. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2003, 17(2): 44-46, 50.
	[王洪杰, 李宪文, 史学正, 等. 不同土地利用方式下土壤养分的分布及其与土壤颗粒组成关系. 水土保持学报, 2003, 17(2): 44-46, 50.]
[39]	Yu Weiqing, Wang Yujie, Hu Haibo, et al.Soil water infiltration characteristics analysis under different vegetation on the hilly ground of Yangtze River Delta. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2014, 45(2): 345-351.
	[余蔚青, 王玉杰, 胡海波, 等. 长三角丘陵地不同植被林下土壤入渗特征分析. 土壤通报, 2014, 45(2): 345-351.]
[40]	She Dongli, Gao Xuemei, Fang Kai.Measurement of soil sorptivity rate under different land uses by disc infiltrometer. Transactions of the CSAE, 2014, 30(18): 151-158.
	[佘冬立, 高雪梅, 房凯. 利用圆盘入渗仪测定不同土地利用类型土壤吸渗率. 农业工程学报, 2014, 30(18): 151-158.]

层级	代表符号	特征标志	特征值
		表层自然覆被未改变且未被利用	0
第二层级	CS1	表层自然覆被未改变但被利用	0.067
	CS2	表层自然覆被改变—种植多年生植物	0.133
	CS3	表层自然覆被改变—种植1年生作物	0.2
第一层级	FCS1	表层自然覆被改变	0.2
	FCS2	表层有人工隔层,水分能交换,养分、空气和热量交换阻滞	0.2
	FCS3	表层有人工隔层,养分能交换,水分、空气和热量交换阻滞	0.2
	FCS4	表层有人工隔层,空气能交换,水分、养分和热量交换阻滞	0.2
	FCS5	表层有人工隔层,热量能交换,水分、养分和空气交换阻滞	0.2
		表层有人工隔层,水分、养分、空气和热量交换阻滞	1

土地利用/覆被类型		特征标志说明	CI
耕地	灌溉水田/望天田/水浇地/旱地/菜地	表层自然覆被改变—种植1年生作物	0.2
园地	果园/桑园/茶园/橡胶园/其它园地	表层自然覆被改变—种植多年生植物	0.133
林地	有林地/灌木林地/林地	表层自然覆被未改变且未被利用	0
	未成林造林地/苗圃	表层自然覆被改变—种植多年生植物	0.133
	迹地	表层自然覆被改变	0.2
牧草地	天然牧草地/改良牧草地	表层自然覆被未改变但被利用	0.067
牧草地	人工牧草地	表层自然覆被改变—种植多年生植物	0.133
其它农用地	畜禽饲养用地	表层有人工隔层,水分、养分、空气和热量交换阻滞	1
	设施农业用地/农村道路/田坎	表层自然覆被改变	0.2
	养殖水面/坑塘水面	表层自然覆被未改变但被利用	0.067
居民点及工矿	城市用地/建制镇用地/农村居民点 /独立工矿/特殊用地	表层有人工隔层,水分、养分、空气和热量交换阻滞	1
居民点及工矿	盐田	表层自然覆被改变,空气和热量交换阻滞	0.6
交通运输用地	铁路用地/公路用地/民用机场 /港口码头/管道运输	表层有人工隔层,水分、养分、空气和热量交换阻滞	1
水利设施用地	水工建筑用地	表层有人工隔层,水分、养分、空气和热量交换阻滞	1
水利设施用地	水库水面	表层自然覆被改变,空气和热量交换阻滞	0.6
未利用地	荒草地/盐碱地/沼泽地/沙地 /裸土地/裸岩石砾地	表层自然覆被未改变且未被利用	0
其它未利用地	河流水面/湖泊水面/苇地/滩涂 /冰川及永久积雪	表层自然覆被未改变且未被利用	0

省级单元	1984	1990	1996	2000	2005	2008	24年间变化
上海	25.73	33.57	33.57	35.79	39.14	46.30	20.58
天津	27.46	29.47	29.65	30.36	38.44	40.06	12.60
江苏	25.03	24.22	24.64	25.26	29.26	29.69	4.67
山东	22.80	24.36	25.26	25.70	27.58	28.12	5.31
北京	18.42	19.52	20.61	21.03	23.64	24.48	6.06
河南	21.79	22.91	23.43	23.58	23.71	23.91	2.13
安徽	19.20	19.23	19.75	19.89	21.90	22.16	2.96
河北	16.49	16.70	17.08	17.35	17.33	17.72	1.24
辽宁	15.02	14.69	15.07	15.26	15.89	16.04	1.02
重庆	14.19	12.85	13.00	13.29	15.02	15.19	1.01
浙江	9.93	10.59	11.08	11.41	13.93	14.85	4.92
广东	9.07	10.14	11.33	11.87	14.10	14.45	5.39
海南	12.77	12.34	13.04	13.25	14.51	14.27	1.50
湖北	11.62	11.72	11.87	11.95	13.90	14.10	2.47
山西	12.94	11.78	11.86	11.93	11.95	12.10	-0.84
吉林	10.86	11.88	11.79	11.84	11.95	12.03	1.16
宁夏	11.50	11.60	11.90	12.44	11.75	11.94	0.44
湖南	8.80	9.40	9.58	9.69	11.53	11.72	2.92
贵州	8.40	9.18	9.11	9.09	10.09	10.16	1.76
江西	9.46	7.78	8.04	8.15	9.57	9.82	0.36
陕西	9.99	10.28	10.28	10.12	9.55	9.59	-0.40
黑龙江	9.13	9.01	9.06	9.09	9.40	9.16	0.03
四川	8.38	7.76	7.92	8.00	8.70	8.76	0.38
福建	8.42	6.26	6.85	7.12	8.18	8.60	0.19
广西	8.27	7.16	7.33	7.48	8.33	8.49	0.22
甘肃	7.24	7.20	7.24	7.23	7.46	7.48	0.24
云南	5.68	5.73	5.78	5.86	6.56	6.65	0.97
内蒙古	6.24	6.63	6.72	6.52	6.38	6.43	0.18
青海	3.53	4.28	4.34	4.34	4.94	4.40	0.86
西藏	3.71	3.70	3.70	3.70	3.63	3.73	0.02
新疆	3.28	3.02	3.22	3.25	3.35	3.37	0.09
全国	7.63	7.69	7.86	7.91	8.31	8.54	0.91

类型	分级标准/%	县级单元数/个	人类活动强度平均值/%	建设用地当量面积平均值/km²
高	>27	487	32.52	341.78
较高	27~16	478	20.99	361.50
中等	16~10	459	12.43	310.07
较低	10~6	493	7.56	323.28
低	<6	458	3.29	342.01

Human activity intensity of land surface: Concept, method and application in China

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 9

References 40

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

[1]	SUN Pingjun, WANG Kewen. Identification and stage division of urban shrinkage in the three provinces of Northeast China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(6): 1366-1379.
[2]	WEI Shimei, PAN Jinghu. Network structure resilience of cities at the prefecture level and above in China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(6): 1394-1407.
[3]	YANG Ren, PAN Yuxin. Spatial patterns, formation mechanism and coping strategies of rural vulnerability in China at the county level [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(6): 1438-1454.
[4]	YIN Jiangbin, LI Shangqian, JIANG Lei, CHENG Zhe, HUANG Xiaoyan, LU Gaigai. The spatio-temporal variations and driving factors of non-farm employment growth in contiguous destitute areas of China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(6): 1471-1488.
[5]	HU Pan, CHEN Bo, SHI Peijun. Spatiotemporal patterns and influencing factors of rainstorm-induced flood disasters in China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(5): 1148-1162.
[6]	LIU Zhenhai, WANG Shaoqiang, CHEN Bin. Spatial and temporal variations of frozen ground and its vegetation response in the eastern segment of China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor from 2000 to 2015 [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(5): 1231-1244.
[7]	MA Zuopeng, LI Chenggu, ZHANG Pingyu. Characteristics, mechanism and response of urban shrinkage in the three provinces of Northeast China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(4): 767-780.
[8]	HUANG Xiaodong, MA Haitao, MIAO Changhong. Connectivity characteristics for city networks in China based on innovative enterprises [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(4): 835-852.
[9]	WANG Lucang, LIU Haiyang, LIU Qing. China's city network based on Tencent's migration big data [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(4): 853-869.
[10]	XIA Xingsheng, PAN Yaozhong, ZHU Xiufang, ZHANG Jinshui. Monthly calibration and optimization of Ångström-Prescott equation coefficients for agricultural comprehensive area in China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(4): 888-902.
[11]	SHEN Zhongjian, ZENG Jian. Spatial relationship of urban development to land surface temperature in three cities of southern Fujian [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(3): 566-583.
[12]	FAN Zemeng. Spatial identification and scenario simulation of ecotone distribution in China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(3): 626-644.
[13]	XU Yu, LI Xiubin, XIN Liangjie. Differentiation of scale-farmland transfer rent and its influencing factors in China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(3): 753-763.
[14]	LI Gang, XUE Shuyan, MA Xueyao, ZHOU Junjun, XU Tingting, WANG Jiaobei. Spatio-temporal pattern evolution and formation mechanism of missing person incidents in China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(2): 310-325.
[15]	GU Hengyu, SHEN Tiyan. Spatial evolution characteristics and driving forces of Chinese highly educated talents [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(2): 326-340.