基于NPP数据和样区对比法的青藏高原自然保护区保护成效分析

doi:10.11821/dlxb201507001

Abstract

Abstract:

A total of 21 typical coupled large samples were chosen from areas in the nature reserves and their surroundings on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) with large-sample-comparison method (LSCM). To evaluate the protection effectiveness of the nature reserves, we compared the alpine grassland net primary production (NPP) of these coupled samples and analyzed the differences between them before and after their establishment as protected areas. The results show that: (1) In view of alpine grassland NPP, the ecological and environmental conditions of most nature reserves were more fragile than those of their surrounding areas and also lower than the average values for the TP. (2) Of the 11 typical nature reserves selected, the positive trend of NPP in Manzetang is the most significant, while in Taxkorgan, the trend is not obvious. Moreover, with the exception of Selincuo, the annual NPP growth rate in nature reserves covered by meadow and herbaceous wetland is higher than that in nature reserves consisting of steppe and desert grassland. (3) Some notable findings existed in 21 typical coupled samples: (a) After the establishment of nature reserves, the annual NPP increase rate in 76% of samples inside nature reserves and 82% of samples inside national nature reserves are apparently higher than that of corresponding samples outside nature reserves. (b) The ecological protection effectiveness in Central Kunlun, Changshagongma, Zoige Wetland, and Siling Co nature reserves is significant; in most parts of the Three Rivers' Source and Qiangtang nature reserves, the protection effectiveness is relatively significant, while in south-east Manzetang and north Taxkorgan, the protection effectiveness is not obvious. (c) The ecological protection effectiveness is significant in nature reserves consisting of meadow; however, it is weak in nature reserves covered by steppe.

Key words: nature reserve, protection effectiveness, large-sample-comparison method, net primary production, Tibetan Plateau

Yili ZHANG, Zhongjun HU, Wei QI, Xue WU, Wanqi BAI, Lanhui LI, Mingjun DING, Linshan LIU, Zhaofeng WANG, Du ZHENG. Assessment of protection effectiveness of nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau based on net primary production and the large-sample-comparison method[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(7): 1027-1040.

Figures/Tables 8

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References 47

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序号	保护区简称^*	面积(km²)	草地占比(%)^**	保护区类型	级别	建立时间/年月日
藏36	羌塘	300000.0	78.31	荒漠生态	国家级	19930709
青05	三江源	150000.0	84.42	内陆湿地	国家级	20000523
新09	阿尔金山	45000.0	36.69	荒漠生态	国家级	19830101
青07	可可西里	45000.0	56.13	野生动物	国家级	19951008
藏37	色林错	20323.8	68.92	野生动物	国家级	19930101
甘22	盐池湾	13600.0	47.03	野生动物	国家级	19820401
川135	长沙贡玛	6698.0	91.07	野生动物	国家级	19971208
川99	若尔盖	1665.7	86.25	内陆湿地	国家级	19941118
新10	中昆仑	32000.0	21.82	野生动物	省级	20010101
新14	塔什库尔干	15000.0	28.07	野生动物	省级	19840508
川95	曼则塘	3658.8	64.83	内陆湿地	省级	20010608

样区编号	自然保护区	植被类型	样区内/外有效像元数^*	样区编号	自然保护区	植被类型	样区内/外有效像元数^*	样区编号	自然保护区	植被类型	样区内/外有效像元数^*
01	塔什库尔干	草原	87/102	08	羌塘	草原	86/97	15	长沙贡玛	草甸	90/110
02	中昆仑	荒漠草地	34/63	09	色林错	草原	51/79	16	三江源	草甸	115/145
03	羌塘	草原	54/71	10	色林错	草甸	77/147	17	曼则塘	草甸	46/113
04	羌塘	荒漠草地	62/66	11	三江源	草甸	70/95	18	三江源	草甸	125/94
05	羌塘	草原	102/84	12	三江源	草甸	132/98	19	三江源	草甸	77/80
06	羌塘	草原	80/88	13	三江源	草甸	148/95	20	三江源	草原	70/70
07	羌塘	草原	91/93	14	三江源	草甸	115/106	21	若尔盖	湿地	37/50

	代表性自然保护区^**		自然保护区周邻区域	青藏高原^[36]
	国家级		自然保护区周邻区域	省级
荒漠草地	43.50±61.11	12.58±4.74	41.05±56.57	41.12±52.74
草原	33.48±38.18	19.71±16.46	74.51±98.52	55.86±81.40
草甸	169.2±105.2	301.9±188.7	232.4±178.9	188.7±156.0
高山稀疏植被	38.43±44.50	11.68±6.15	36.95±50.90	34.49±40.89
湿地	108.1±126.1	15.12±2.64	218.4±219.2	147.2±163.6
平均值	87.33	93.95	157.86	120.8

样区		各时段样区NPP平均变化率			保护变幅/P_k	保护增幅比/P_r	自然保护区简称	植被类型
编号	样区组				保护变幅/P_k	全时段(1982-2009)/k	第一阶段^* /k_p1或k_n1	第二阶段^*/k_p2或k_n2
01	区内	0.1	0.24	0.1	-1.66	-1.09	塔什库尔干	草原
01	区外	0.31	-1.22	0.31	-1.66	-1.09	塔什库尔干	草原
02	区内	0.14	0.13	0.45	0.16	0.97	中昆仑	荒漠草地
02	区外	0.05	0.11	0.28	0.16	0.97	中昆仑	荒漠草地
04	区内	0.06	-0.01	0.1	-0.09	-0.47	羌塘	荒漠草地
04	区外	0	-0.19	-0.003	-0.09	-0.47		荒漠草地
03	区内	0	0.09	-0.02	-0.11	-105.5		草原
03	区外	0.04	0.11	0.11	-0.11	-105.5
05	区内	0.11	0.13	0.06	-0.03	-0.78
05	区外	0.1	0.07	0.03	-0.03	-0.78
06	区内	0.1	0.2	0.11	0.1	0.54
06	区外	-0.08	-0.03	-0.21	0.1	0.54
07	区内	-0.01	0.3	-0.2	0.16	0.24
07	区外	-0.05	0.37	-0.29	0.16	0.24
08	区内	0.17	0.2	0.11	0.29	0.77
08	区外	0.03	0.15	-0.23	0.29	0.77
09	区内	0.13	0.4	0.03	0.11	0.23	色林错	草原
09	区外	-0.05	0.15	-0.32	0.11	0.23		草原
10	区内	0.16	-0.42	-0.05	0.42	9.17		草甸
10	区外	0.1	-0.2	-0.25	0.42	9.17		草甸
20	区内	1.1	-0.94	8.76	-1.94	-0.17	三江源	草原
20	区外	1.16	-1.05	10.6	-1.94	-0.17		草原
11	区内	0.1	0.17	1.79	0.01	0.01		草甸
11	区外	0.08	0.1	1.71	0.01	0.01
12	区内	-0.13	-0.38	1.4	0.33	0.23
12	区外	0.13	-0.01	1.44	0.33	0.23
13	区内	0.52	-0.29	5.64	3.5	1.44
13	区外	0.54	0.32	2.74	3.5	1.44
14	区内	0.64	0.09	0.92	1.35	2.57
14	区外	0.65	0.48	-0.05	1.35	2.57
16	区内	0.72	-0.13	1.09	0.43	0.54
16	区外	0.74	-0.17	0.63	0.43	0.54
18	区内	1.29	1.59	-1.83	1.29	0.27
18	区外	1.37	2.08	-2.63	1.29	0.27
19	区内	0.81	0.53	-1.47	0.78	0.28
19	区外	0.62	0.72	-2.07	0.78	0.28
15	区内	1.43	-0.29	2.49	2.31	5.01	长沙贡玛	草甸
15	区外	0.96	-0.57	-0.11	2.31	5.01	长沙贡玛	草甸
17	区内	0.99	0.34	-0.58	-3.27	-1.39	曼则塘	草甸
17	区外	1.27	0.32	2.68	-3.27	-1.39	曼则塘	草甸
21	区内	0.97	-0.58	2.51	3.74	5.7	若尔盖	湿地
21	区外	0.87	1.37	0.72	3.74	5.7	若尔盖	湿地

Assessment of protection effectiveness of nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau based on net primary production and the large-sample-comparison method

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