近50年长三角地区水系时空变化及其驱动机制

doi:10.11821/dlxb201505012

Abstract

Abstract:

Spatial and temporal variations of river systems in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) during the 1960s-2010s were investigated based on streams derived from the topographic map in the 1960s, 1980s and 2010s. A list of indices, drainage density (Dd), water surface ratio (WSR), the ratio of area to length of main river (R), evolution coefficient of branch river (K) and box dimension (D), were classified into three types (quantitative, structural, and complex indices) and used to quantify the variation of stream structure. Results showed that: (1) quantitative indices (Dd, WSR) presented a decreasing trend in the past 50 years, and Dd in Wuchengxiyu, Hangjiahu and Yindongnan decreased by about 20%. Structurally, the Qinhuai river basin was characterized by a significantly upward R, and K value in Hangjiahu went down dramatically by 46.8% during the 1960s-2010s. A decreasing tendency in D was found to dominate the YRD, and decreasing magnitude in Wuchengxiyu and Hangjiahu peaked for 7.8%, and 6.5%, respectively in the YRD. (2) Urbanization affected the spatial pattern of river system, and areas with a high level of urbanization exhibited least Dd (2.18 km/km²), WSR (6.52%), K (2.64) and D (1.42), compared with moderate and low levels of urbanization. (3) Urbanization also affected the evolution of stream system. In the past 50 years, areas with high level of urbanization showed a compelling decreasing tendency in quantitative (27.2% and 19.3%) and complex indices (4.9%) and trend of enlargement of main rivers (4.5% and 7.9% in periods of the 1960s-1980s and 1980s-2010s). (4) Expanding of urban land, construction of hydraulic engineering and irrigation and water conservancy activities were the main means.

Key words: stream structure, spatial and temporal change, urbanization, Yangtze River Delta

Longfei HAN, Youpeng XU, Liu YANG, Xiaojun DENG, Chunsheng HU, Guanglai XU. Temporal and spatial change of stream structure in Yangtze River Delta and its driving forces during 1960s-2010s[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(5): 819-827.

Figures/Tables 5

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References 25

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指标	时期	本文研究区					其他地区
指标	时期	武澄锡虞	阳澄淀泖	杭嘉湖	秦淮河流域	鄞东南^*	上海地区^{*[17, 18]}	珠三角深圳地区^*[21]
面积 (km²)		3841.0	4914.0	7621.0	497.1	476.1	4962.5	1991.8
河网密度 (Dd)	1960 s	3.80	3.54	3.75	1.25	3.40	3.45	0.86
	1980 s	3.27	3.87	3.24	1.58	3.06		0.84
	2010 s	2.93	3.41	2.93	1.14	2.75		0.65
水面率 (WSR)	1960 s	6.10	18.86	10.63	5.53	8.18	5.62	-
	1980 s	5.59	17.47	9.88	5.60	6.54		-
	2010 s	4.66	15.20	8.76	7.52	5.77		-
支流发育系数 (K)	1960 s	4.93	2.54	3.65	2.52	3.39	3.39	4.42
	1980 s	4.00	3.07	2.83	2.74	2.96		3.04
	2010 s	3.83	2.56	1.94	4.37	2.53		3.50
干流面积长度比 (R)	1960 s	41.53	43.75	45.54	44.11	37.40	-	-
	1980 s	42.83	48.22	47.03	39.96	34.10		-
	2010 s	38.85	42.94	45.66	73.23	35.60		-
盒维数 (D)	1960 s	1.71	1.68	1.69	1.32	1.62	1.40	-
	1980 s	1.65	1.71	1.64	1.32	1.58		-
	2010 s	1.58	1.65	1.58	1.27	1.54		-

	行政分区	城市化水平^*
高度城市化地区	常州市市辖区	58.15%
	苏州市市辖区	57.76%
	无锡市市辖区	49.94%
	杭州市市辖区	46.79%
中度城市化地区	昆山市	39.68%
	张家港市	38.38%
	太仓市	35.62%
	常熟市	34.64%
	吴县市	31.93%
	吴江市	30.18%
低度城市化地区	海宁市	29.82%
	海盐县	22.20%
	青浦县	22.05%

水系参数	时期	高度城市化地区	中度城市化地区	低度城市化地区
河网密度（Dd）	1960s	2.45	3.80	4.47
	1980s	2.32	4.04	3.46
	2010s	1.78	3.64	2.96
水面率（WSR）	1960s	6.88	14.69	17.23
	1980s	7.14	13.51	16.25
	2010s	5.55	11.85	15.30
支流发育系数（K）	1960s	2.93	4.90	9.12
	1980s	2.90	4.65	6.19
	2010s	2.10	4.57	2.89
干流面积长度比（R）	1960s	40.91	41.39	41.08
	1980s	42.76	45.72	44.39
	2010s	46.14	42.37	40.68
盒维数（D）	1960s	1.45	1.67	1.69
	1980s	1.43	1.69	1.61
	2010s	1.38	1.66	1.61

Temporal and spatial change of stream structure in Yangtze River Delta and its driving forces during 1960s-2010s

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