历史时期伊犁河谷文化遗址时空特征及驱动力分析

doi:10.11821/dlxb201505010

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper presents an analysis of the spatio-temporal distribution of cultural sites in the Ili River Valley in Northwest China based on the application of ArcGIS software. It further explores the relationships between the spatio -temporal evolution of the sites, human history, and the natural environment. The results indicate that the numbers and proportions of the sites, and the frequency of their occurrence, exhibited an inverted V-shaped change trend during six historical periods. These covered the initial, peak, and declining stages of six periods extending from the Xia-Western Zhou dynasties to the Qing-Modern period. The spatial distribution pattern shifted from "high in the east and low in the west" during the first three periods to "high in the west and low in the east" during the latter three periods, illustrating a change in the spatial center of gravity of human activities. The sites were mainly distributed on slopes of grades 1-5. The proportion of sites increased from 75% during the Spring and Autumn-Qin dynasties to 93.75% during the Qing-Modern period. The concentrated distribution of site elevations shifted from grades 4-8 during the Spring and Autumn-Qin dynasties, and the Western Han-Northern and Southern dynasties to grades 1-4 during the latter three periods. The number of sites showed a shifting trend from high mountains and hills to low plains, and from high slopes to low slopes. In particular, the evolutionary pattern of sites in the study area exhibited a special "moist" pattern of migration from middle and upstream areas to downstream areas, as opposed to the migration pattern of sites located in typical arid areas. The paper also includes a discussion of factors influencing the distribution and spatio -temporal evolution of cultural sites, notably, human factors such as politics, economy, and productivity, and natural factors such as geomorphology, altitude, slope, and climate. Although the distribution and spatio -temporal evolution of cultural sites exhibited an orientation toward natural laws pertaining to factors such as river valleys, terraces, plains, and water resources, they presented a significant orientation toward laws, relating to human-driven forces including productivity levels, political stability, economic development, business and trade, and transport, which were more evident during the latter historical periods.

Key words: Ili River Valley, historical periods, cultural sites, spatio -temporal distribution, driving forces

Fang WANG, Xiaolei ZHANG, Zhaoping YANG, Fuming LUAN, Heigang XIONG, Zhaoguo WANG, Hui SHI. Spatio-temporal characteristics of cultural sites and an analysis of their driving forces in the Ili River Valley in historical periods[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(5): 796-808.

Figures/Tables 10

Tab. 1

Geomorphologic types in the region of the Ili River Valley

海拔(m)	地貌类型、分布范围与特征
501~800	山前冲洪积扇倾斜平原、冲积平原和河谷平原：山前冲洪积扇倾斜平原主要分布在巩乃斯河、喀什河、特科斯河等支流出山口的山麓地带;冲积平原由巩乃斯河、喀什河、特科斯河支流,以及三大支流汇合形成的伊犁河冲积平原组成,其地面略有起伏,多被溪流切割呈梁状或条带状;河流两侧的阶地,地面平坦,切割微弱。河谷平原位于巩乃斯河、喀什河、特科斯河等支流,以及伊犁河河谷地带,包括规模较小的现代河床、河漫滩、低阶地等,生长河谷次生林、草甸等植被。
801~1800	黄土覆盖的低山丘陵带：主要分布在谷地两侧的低山丘陵、山前冲洪积扇和高阶地上。包括西部昭苏盆地和特克斯谷地的丘陵和高阶地上,中部的阿吾拉勒山、北部喀什河谷地的高丘陵和高阶地上,东部巩乃斯谷地海拔800~1800 m的低山丘陵和高阶地上。
1801~2700	侵蚀作用的中山带：主要分布于婆罗科努山、那拉提山和哈尔克他乌山等1800~2700 m山区。流水侵蚀强烈,深切峡谷、障谷纵横,多为陡削的坡面地形。有中起伏（起伏度500~1000 m）和大起伏（起伏度1000~1500 m）中山。森林茂盛,草场优良,为林牧生产场所。
2701~3800	冰缘作用的亚高山带：主要分布于婆罗科努山、那拉提山和哈尔克他乌山等2700~3800 m的山区。据海拔高度和起伏度,又分为冰缘作用低起伏中山（起伏度小于500 m）,中起伏高山（起伏度500~1000 m）和大起伏高山（起伏度1000~1500 m）。多被横向岭谷分隔,古冰川遗迹遍布,冰缘微地貌发育。亚高山草甸,为夏牧场。
>3801	冰川积雪作用的高山或极高山带：主要分布在哈尔克他乌山和比其克山等的高山与极高山地区,据海拔高度和起伏度,又分为冰川作用的中起伏高山（起伏度500~1000 m）和大起伏高山及极高山（起伏度1000~1500 m）。现代冰川和永久积雪广泛分布。

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Spatio-temporal characteristics of cultural sites and an analysis of their driving forces in the Ili River Valley in historical periods

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