基于自然地理分区的1990-2010年中国粮食生产格局变化

doi:10.11821/dlxb201504006

Abstract

Abstract:

The spatial pattern of grain production in China has changed remarkably under the background of global change, industrialization and urbanization over the past 20 years. This change has great impacts on grain supply and grain market, efficiency of agricultural resources, disaster risk of agricultural production on national scale, and ecological security on regional scale as well. Current research focused on the spatial change of China's grain production based on three schemes of geographical division including North and South China division, three economic regions, and eight grain-producing bases. These schemes reflected geographical features of grain production in China. In this paper, location quotients of grain production and yield data of 2344 counties were used to analyze variations of grain production in geographical regions defined by disparity of annual precipitation, effective temperature, and landforms. The results indicated that the grain production in all the geographical regions presented an increasing trend during the period 1990-2010. Due to the spatial disparity of regional growth rate, the centre of grain production in China moved northward: from the regions with precipitation over 800 mm to those with precipitation between 400 mm and 800 mm; from subtropical zone to mid-temperate zone and warm-temperate zone; and gradually concentrated in flat plains. The results implied that the change of spatial patterns of China's grain production went against the efficient use of water and heat resources, but it was beneficial to the application of agricultural machines and the improvement of labor productivity. Given the change trends of spatial pattern of grain production, background of climate change, and the national aim of grain security, China should enhance its ability to improve efficiency of water resources and reduce the risk of natural disasters.

Key words: grain production, spatial pattern, geographical division, China

Haiya XU, Huiyi ZHU. Spatial change of China's grain production based on geographical division of natural factors during 1990-2010[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(4): 582-590.

Figures/Tables 8

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References 21

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年均降雨量(mm)	土地面积比重(%)	耕地面积比重(%)	不同年份粮食生产集中度(%)
年均降雨量(mm)	土地面积比重(%)	耕地面积比重(%)	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	1990-2000	2000-2010	1990-2010
<200	31.21	4.52	2.0	2.1	2.5	2.4	2.9	+0.5	+0.4	+0.9
200~400	13.35	6.38	2.0	2.4	2.3	2.8	2.8	+0.3	+0.5	+0.8
400~800	27.77	43.99	37.0	40.3	39.1	41.8	45.9	+2.1	+6.8	+8.9
≥800	27.67	45.10	59.0	55.2	56.2	52.9	48.4	-2.8	-7.8	-10.6

年均降雨量(mm)	不同年份粮食产量(10⁴t)					1990-2010 粮食增产率(%)
年均降雨量(mm)	1990		1995	2000	2005	2010
<200	863.9	1044.9	1242.2	1284.3	1800.2	108.4
200~400	883.4	1195.2	1137.7	1496.9	1743.5	97.4
400~800	16177.3	20192.3	19425.3	22011.1	28389.9	75.5
≥ 800	25832.2	27663.7	27922.9	27851.7	29887.4	15.7

温度带类型	土地面积比重（%）	耕地面积比重（%）	不同年份粮食生产集中度（%）
温度带类型	土地面积比重（%）	耕地面积比重（%）	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	1990-2000	2000-2010	1990-2010
寒温带	0.79	0.01	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
中温带	29.38	28.22	14.6	17.4	16.6	19.8	23.5	+2.0	+6.9	+8.9
暖温带	16.47	25.79	25.5	26.4	25.7	25.9	26.8	+0.2	+1.1	+1.3
亚热带	25.22	43.86	58.5	54.8	56.1	53.0	48.6	-2.4	-7.5	-9.9
热带	0.92	1.34	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.8	0.7	+0.1	-0.3	-0.2
高原温度带	27.21	0.78	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.4	+0.1	-0.2	-0.1

温度带类型	不同年份粮食产量（10⁴t）					1990-2010 粮食增产率（%）
温度带类型	1990		1995	2000	2005	2010
寒温带	0.6	0.9	1.3	1.3	2.5	316.7
中温带	6397.7	8721.1	8264.0	10435.1	14509.0	126.8
暖温带	11158.7	13220.4	12797.7	13609.4	16544.1	48.3
亚热带	25586.5	27462.4	27899.8	27924.9	30058.0	17.5
热带	384.9	432.3	484.9	435.7	441.3	14.7
高原温度带	229.4	261.1	282.4	239.5	268.0	16.8

地貌类型	土地面积比重（%）	耕地面积比重（%）	不同年份粮食生产集中度（%）
地貌类型	土地面积比重（%）	耕地面积比重（%）	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	1990-2000	2000-2005	1990-2010
山地、丘陵	56.73	35.73	36.0	34.8	35.6	34.5	31.2	-0.4	-4.4	-4.8
高原、台地	12.53	16.88	14.9	15.1	14.6	15.9	16.3	-0.3	+1.7	+1.4
平原	29.49	47.38	49.1	50.1	49.8	49.7	52.6	+0.7	+2.7	+3.4

Spatial change of China's grain production based on geographical division of natural factors during 1990-2010

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