城市生态用地需求测算研究进展与展望

doi:10.11821/dlxb201502013

Abstract

Abstract:

As a fundamental supplying carrier of natural ecosystem services in urban areas, ecological land couples human social development and natural ecological succession based on the inherent correlation between land use and land cover. Thus spatial optimization of ecological land has gradually become a vital and comprehensive approach to address the conflicts between urban development and ecological conservation. The measurement of urban ecological land demand can directly determine the equilibrium between supply and demand for ecological land, which is a significant step in overall planning and management of urban ecological land. After a systematic review of the concept of ecological land, the similarities and differences between ecological demands and ecological land demands are discussed in this paper. Then a conceptual space-function framework for measuring urban ecological land demand is proposed. Within this framework methodologies of measuring urban ecological land fall into three categories, namely experimental predication, ecosystem services and spatial patterns. In details, the category of experimental predication includes legal quota and historical trend methods. The methods of ecological footprint and carbon-oxygen equilibrium belong to the category of ecosystem services, while the method of ecological security pattern is included in the spatial patterns category. By methodological principles analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are comparatively discussed and summarized in terms of comprehensiveness, representativeness, threshold and area, and location. Finally, four key directions of future research are presented: urban ecological land classification related to ecological functions, comprehensive efficiency measurement on urban ecological land focusing on spatial patterns of ecological land, functional tradeoff of urban ecological land using multi-target scenarios, and urban ecological hinterland recognition based on ecological land supply-demand balance analysis.

Key words: urban ecological land demand measurement, experimental predication, ecosystem services, ecological security pattern, urban ecological hinterland, research progress and prospect

Jian PENG, An WANG, Yanxu LIU, Jing MA, Jiansheng WU. Research progress and prospect on measuring urban ecological land demand[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(2): 333-346.

Figures/Tables 4

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类型	学科视角	提出背景	关注点	判定标准	代表人物
生态中心	生态学	自然资源遭到破坏,生态用地未受到重视	生态用地所提供的生态功能	凡是具有生态功能的土地（广义）	岳健^[18] 郭荣朝^[22]
生态中心	生态学	自然资源遭到破坏,生态用地未受到重视	生态用地所提供的生态功能	以生态功能为主的土地（狭义）	陈爽^[23] 俞孔坚^[24]
人类中心	法学	人与生态用地关系不明确,缺乏有效保护制度	生态用地保护对土地权利人的权利和义务可能产生的影响	保障人类生态安全、以发挥生态功能为主的用地	唐双娥^[15]

类型	模型	基本思路	优点	缺点
经验判定法	法定定额	各级政府、部门、组织、制定并颁布实施的法律、法规、规范、标准	简单明确、易操作	指标阈值缺少科学性;城市特点考虑不足;编制主体混乱、权责不明
经验判定法	历史趋势预判	基于历史规律通过模型预景未来土地变化	规避复杂分析,基于过去预测未来	无法阐释社会经济系统与自然生态系统的内在关联机理;缺乏主动干预
生态系统服务法	生态足迹	利用生物生产性用地测算自然、人类对生态功能的供给与需求	综合核算自然生态系统与人类社会经济系统的生物生产功能与需求	生态功能代表性不强;难以确定城市自身所应承担的功能阈值
生态系统服务法	碳氧平衡	利用绿色植物固碳释氧量与城市的排碳耗氧量评估碳氧平衡、测算生态用地需求	综合关注人类个体的生理需求与经济活动的生产需求	生态功能代表性不强;城市尺度应用有限;难以确定城市与外界的气体交换
空间格局法	生态安全格局	通过景观过程分析和模拟判别关键性景观要素及其空间位置	生态功能代表性强;同时确定数量规模与空间分布	未能耦合自然生态系统与人类经济社会系统;基于供给核算需求

Research progress and prospect on measuring urban ecological land demand

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