中国中东部植被景观观赏季划分的物候学基础

doi:10.11821/dlxb201501007

Abstract

Abstract:

Many plants have high ornamental value during specific phenophases, such as first leaf, flowering and leaf coloring. Thus, plant phenology correlates highly with seasonal aspects of landscape. Studying the determination of ornamental tourism season and its temporal and spatial patterns could provide tourism management departments and tourists with theoretical basis on tourism arrangement. Based on phenological data of 3 phenophases (first leaf date, full flower date, end of coloring date) and corresponding meteorological data at 12 sites in China, we divided the ornamental tourism season (including starting date, optimal tourism date and end date) by applying phenological frequency distribution method. The trend of optimal tourism date over the past 50 years was also analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The optimal tourism date, ranged from March 16 (Guilin) to May 5 (Harbin) for first leaf, April 3 (Kunming) to May 24 (Mudanjiang) for full flowering, October 1 (Mudanjiang) to November 30 (Shanghai) for leaf coloring. The optimal tourism date of first leaf and full flower was positively associated with latitude, while that of leaf coloring was negatively correlated with latitude. (2) The optimal tourism date of first leaf and full flower exhibited significant advancing trend of 1.6 days/decade over the past 50 years in Beijing and Xi'an, while that of leaf coloring showed significant delaying trend (Beijing, 1.6 days/decade; Xi'an, 2.1 days/decade). (3) The ornamental tourism season was significantly associated with temperature of each site. Optimal tourism date of first leaf and full flowering advanced by 4.02 days and 4.04 days per 1°C increase in spring (March-May) temperature, respectively. Optimal tourism date of leaf coloring showed significant positive correlation with September-November temperature and the spatial sensitivity was 2.98 days/°C.

Key words: phenology, vegetation landscape, ornamental tourism season, temperature change in different vegetation regions

Zexing TAO, Quansheng GE, Huanjiong WANG, Junhu DAI. Phenological basis for determination of ornamental tourism season in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(1): 85-96.

Figures/Tables 13

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References 29

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站点	位置	开始观测年份	结束观测年份	观测年数	物种数量
哈尔滨	45.75°N, 126.63°E	1963	2009	25	241
牡丹江	43.50°N, 129.80°E	1965	1996	22	125
北京	40.02°N, 116.33°E	1963	2009	40	84
洛阳	34.53°N, 112.30°E	1964	1997	30	96
西安	34.22°N, 108.97°E	1963	2009	35	240
上海	31.20°N, 121.00°E	1963	2009	25	108
武汉	30.52°N, 114.31°E	1963	2009	21	59
杭州	30.27°N, 120.16°E	1963	1984	14	229
重庆	29.82°N, 106.33°E	1963	2009	29	83
贵阳	26.42°N, 106.67°E	1963	2009	31	139
桂林	25.18°N, 110.20°E	1964	2009	33	136
昆明	25.04°N, 102.73°E	1963	2009	17	128

站点	物候期	Xc	w	调整R²	站点	物候期	Xc	w	调整R²
哈尔滨	展叶始期	126	8	0.98**	牡丹江	展叶始期	125	7	0.99*
	开花盛期	141	17	0.98**		开花盛期	145	5	0.97**
	叶全变色期	276	10	0.98**		叶全变色期	275	4	0.99**
北京	展叶始期	103	9	0.99**	洛阳	展叶始期	95	6	0.99*
	开花盛期	109	14	0.70**		开花盛期	118	6	0.99**
	叶全变色期	307	10	0.92**		叶全变色期	311	4	0.99**
西安	展叶始期	92	12	0.99**	上海	展叶始期	90	17	0.81**
	开花盛期	103	23	0.84**		开花盛期	-	-	-
	叶全变色期	309	15	0.99**		叶全变色期	335	9	0.95**
武汉	展叶始期	88	10	0.92**	杭州	展叶始期	99	10	0.96**
	开花盛期	104	24	0.62**		开花盛期	105	5	0.75**
	叶全变色期	319	9	0.84**		叶全变色期	307	11	0.96**
重庆	展叶始期	-	-	-	贵阳	展叶始期	77	11	0.91**
	开花盛期	-	-	-		开花盛期	-	-	-
	叶全变色期	325	8	0.87**		叶全变色期	319	15	0.91**
桂林	展叶始期	76	10	0.89**	昆明	展叶始期	76	7	0.67**
	开花盛期	-	-	-		开花盛期	94	24	0.73**
	叶全变色期	306	15	0.4		叶全变色期	300	23	0.84**

站点	物候期	最佳观赏日	起始	结束	站点	物候期	最佳观赏日	起始	结束
哈尔滨	展叶始期	5-5	4-27	5-13	牡丹江	展叶始期	5-4	4-27	5-11
	开花盛期	5-20	5-3	6-6		开花盛期	5-24	5-19	5-29
	叶全变色期	10-2	9-22	10-12		叶全变色期	10-1	9-27	10-5
北京	展叶始期	4-12	4-3	4-21	洛阳	展叶始期	4-4	3-29	4-10
	开花盛期	4-18	4-4	5-2		开花盛期	4-27	4-21	5-3
	叶全变色期	11-2	10-23	11-12		叶全变色期	11-6	11-2	11-10
西安	展叶始期	4-1	3-20	4-13	上海	展叶始期	3-30	3-13	4-16
	开花盛期	4-12	3-20	5-5		开花盛期	-	-	-
	叶全变色期	11-4	10-20	11-19		叶全变色期	11-30	11-21	12-9
武汉	展叶始期	3-28	3-18	4-7	杭州	展叶始期	4-8	3-29	4-18
	开花盛期	4-13	3-20	5-7		开花盛期	4-14	4-9	4-19
	叶全变色期	11-14	11-5	11-23		叶全变色期	11-2	10-22	11-13
重庆	展叶始期	-	-	-	贵阳	展叶始期	3-17	3-6	3-28
	开花盛期	-	-	-		开花盛期	-	-	-
	叶全变色期	11-20	11-12	11-28		叶全变色期	11-14	10-30	11-29
桂林	展叶始期	3-16	3-6	3-26	昆明	展叶始期	3-16	3-9	3-23
	开花盛期	-	-	-		开花盛期	4-3	3-10	4-27
	叶全变色期	11-1	10-17	11-16		叶全变色期	10-26	10-3	11-18

站点	物候期	R	变化趋势	站点	物候期	R	变化趋势
站点	物候期	R	（天/年）	站点	物候期	R	（天/年）
哈尔滨	展叶始期	-0.63**	-0.26	牡丹江	展叶始期	-0.18	-0.09
	开花盛期	-0.06	-0.02		开花盛期	0.45	0.37
	叶全变色期	0.57**	0.17		叶全变色期	0.29	0.16
北京	展叶始期	-0.69**	-0.35	洛阳	展叶始期	0.17	0.24
	开花盛期	-0.58**	-0.37		开花盛期	0.32	0.19
	叶全变色期	0.36*	0.16		叶全变色期	-0.67	-0.28
西安	展叶始期	-0.37*	-0.16	上海	展叶始期	-0.33	-0.15
	开花盛期	-0.63**	-0.4		开花盛期	-0.15	-0.17
	叶全变色期	0.51**	0.21		叶全变色期	0.66**	0.55
武汉	展叶始期	0.26	0.1	杭州	展叶始期	0.32	0.27
	开花盛期	0.55**	0.61		开花盛期	-0.22	-0.41
	叶全变色期	0.26	0.18		叶全变色期	-0.72*	-0.71
重庆	展叶始期	-0.2	-0.09	贵阳	展叶始期	-0.34	-0.28
	开花盛期	-0.14	-0.14		开花盛期	0.19	0.3
	叶全变色期	0.61**	0.91		叶全变色期	0.27	0.15
桂林	展叶始期	0.32	0.2	昆明	展叶始期	0.2	0.07
	开花盛期	-0.41*	-0.3		开花盛期	-0.25	-0.1
	叶全变色期	-0.03	-0.03		叶全变色期	0.32	0.21

Phenological basis for determination of ornamental tourism season in China

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