基于第二次冰川编目的中国冰川现状

doi:10.11821/dlxb201501001

Abstract

Abstract:

The Second Chinese Glacier Inventory (SCGI) was compiled based on remote sensing images after 2004 including Landsat TM/ETM+ and ASTER images, and the digital elevation models (DEMs) from SRTM. The SCGI shows that there are 48,571 glaciers with a total area of 5.18×10⁴ km² and ice volume of 4.3×10³-4.7×10³ km³ in China (including glaciers measured from 1:50,000 or 1:100,000 topographic maps made from the 1960s to the 1980s because of no high quality remote sensing images for the contemporary glacier inventories). The number of glaciers with the area below 0.5 km² reaches 33,061 and accounts for the majority part (66.07%) of glaciers in China. Glaciers with areas between 1.0 km² and 50.0 km² are totaled as ~3.40×10⁴ km² (~2.65×10³ km³ in ice volume) and constitute the main part of glaciers in China. The Yengisogat Glacier (359.05 km²), located in the Shaksgam Valley, north slope of the Karakoram Mountain, is the largest glacier in China. The glaciers are spatially distributed in 14 mountains and plateaus in western China. The Kunlun Mountains has the largest number of glaciers in China, followed by Tianshan Mountains, Nyainqêntanglha Range, the Himalayas and Karakoram. Glaciers in the above five mountains account for 72.26% of the total glacier number in China, however, over 55% of the total area of glaciers and 59% of the total ice storage in China are concentrated in the Kunlun Mountains, Nyainqêntanglha Range and Tianshan Mountains. The number and area of glaciers in Karakoram Mountains are less than those in the Himalayas, but the volume of the former is more than that of the latter because the glaciers in the Karakoram are generally larger. Some 4/5 of the total area of glaciers in China is mainly distributed in an altitudinal band between 4500-6500 m a.s.l. with regional differences depending on the general elevations of various mountains. Analogously, there is an obvious difference of glaciers in basins. The first level basin having the most glaciers is the East Asia interior drainage area (5Y) which occupies ~40% of glaciers in China. The Yellow River basin (5J) has the fewest glaciers where only 164 with an area of 126.72 km² are distributed. Xinjiang and Xizang autonomous regions are the two provincial units rich in glaciers, with ~9/10 of the total area and ice storage of glaciers in China.

Key words: glacier, inventory, area, spatial distribution, China

Shiyin LIU, Xiaojun YAO, Wanqin GUO, Junli XU, Donghui SHANGGUAN, Junfeng WEI, Weijia BAO, Lizong WU. The contemporary glaciers in China based on the Second Chinese Glacier Inventory[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(1): 3-16.

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References 46

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规模等级 (km²)	数量			面积			冰储量
规模等级 (km²)	(条)		(%)		(km²)	(%)	(km³)	(%)
<0.1	12658	26.06		640.23	1.24		10.10±2.08	0.22
0.1~0.5	20403	42.01		4914.56	9.49		128.46±17.74	2.86
0.5~1.0	6491	13.36		4544.98	8.78		162.71±16.06	3.62
1.0~2.0	4328	8.91		6046.98	11.68		271.76±18.92	6.05
2.0~5.0	3007	6.19		9254.36	17.88		543.18±19.12	12.09
5.0~10.0	964	1.98		6628.44	12.80		504.77±1.04	11.23
10.0~20.0	441	0.91		6023.36	11.64		576.34±15.60	12.82
20.0~50.0	206	0.42		6068.23	11.72		755.19±45.76	16.80
50.0~100.0	51	0.11		3667.03	7.08		611.93±59.52	13.62
100.0~200.0	16	0.03		2299.30	4.44		485.38±61.43	10.80
200.0~300.0	4	0.01		961.31	1.86		239.83±35.23	5.34
≥300.0	2	0.00		717.30	1.39		204.35±33.33	4.55
总计	48571	100.00		51766.08	100.00		4494.00±175.93	100.00

序号	名称	面积 (km²)	所在山系	所在流域	所在省(区)
1	音苏盖提	359.05	喀喇昆仑山	塔里木河	新疆
2	托木尔	358.25	天山	塔里木河	新疆
3	土格别里齐	282.72	天山	塔里木河	新疆
4	中峰	237.46	昆仑山	班公湖	西藏
5	多峰	236.77	昆仑山	塔里木河	新疆
6	恰青	204.36	念青唐古拉山	雅鲁藏布江	西藏
7	昆仑	199.09	昆仑山	塔里木河	新疆
8	木斯塔	182.54	喀喇昆仑山	塔里木河	新疆
9	雅弄	179.59	念青唐古拉山	雅鲁藏布江	西藏
10	乌库尔	167.84	天山	塔里木河	新疆
11	夏曲	167.05	念青唐古拉山	雅鲁藏布江	西藏
12	崇测	166.08	昆仑山	班公湖	西藏
13	木扎尔特	165.83	天山	塔里木河	新疆
14	琼台兰	140.95	天山	塔里木河	新疆
15	玉龙	135.00	昆仑山	塔里木河	新疆
16	那龙	122.33	念青唐古拉山	雅鲁藏布江	西藏
17	西玉龙	120.51	昆仑山	塔里木河	新疆
18	克拉亚依拉克	115.16	帕米尔	塔里木河	新疆
19	古里雅	111.37	昆仑山	班公湖	西藏
20	特拉木坎力	110.40	喀喇昆仑山	塔里木河	新疆
21	弓形	108.18	昆仑山	班公湖	西藏
22	尕舍罗鲁姆	107.38	喀喇昆仑山	塔里木河	新疆

山系(高原)	数量			面积			冰储量
山系(高原)	(条)		(%)		(km²)	(%)	(km³)	(%)
阿尔泰山	273	0.56		178.79	0.35		10.50±0.21	0.23
穆斯套岭	12	0.02		8.96	0.02		0.40±0.03	0.01
天山	7934	16.33		7179.77	13.87		707.95±45.05	15.75
喀喇昆仑山	5316	10.94		5988.67	11.57		592.86±34.68	13.19
帕米尔高原	1612	3.32		2159.62	4.17		176.89±4.63	3.94
昆仑山	8922	18.37		11524.13	22.26		1106.34±56.60	24.62
阿尔金山	466	0.96		295.11	0.57		15.36±0.65	0.34
祁连山	2683	5.52		1597.81	3.09		84.48±3.13	1.88
唐古拉山	1595	3.28		1843.91	3.56		140.34±1.70	3.12
羌塘高原	1162	2.39		1917.74	3.70		157.29±3.11	3.50
冈底斯山	3703	7.62		1296.33	2.50		56.62±3.43	1.26
喜马拉雅山	6072	12.50		6820.98	13.18		533.16±8.71	11.87
念青唐古拉山	6860	14.12		9559.20	18.47		835.30±31.30	18.59
横断山	1961	4.04		1395.06	2.69		76.50±2.41	1.70
总计	48571	100.00		51766.08	100.00		4494.00±175.93	100.00

分区	一级流域(编码)	数量			面积			冰储量
分区	一级流域(编码)	(条)		(%)		(km²)	(%)	(km³)	(%)
内流区	中亚内流区(5X)	2122	4.37		1554.70	3.00		106.00±0.27	2.36
	东亚内流区(5Y)	20412	42.03		22414.58	43.30		2113.98±112.51	47.04
	青藏高原内流区(5Z)	6378	13.13		7273.30	14.05		662.06±27.78	14.73
	合计	28912	59.53		31242.58	60.35		2882.04±140.56	64.13
外流区	鄂毕河(5A)	279	0.57		186.12	0.36		10.84±0.23	0.24
	黄河(5J)	164	0.34	126.72		0.24	8.53±0.03		0.19
	长江(5K)	1528	3.15	1674.69		3.24	117.24±0.14		2.61
	湄公河(5L)	469	0.97	231.32		0.45	11.15±0.55		0.25
	萨尔温江(5N)	2177	4.48	1479.09		2.86	91.88±0.86		2.04
	恒河(5O)	12641	26.03	15718.65		30.36	1306.95±38.01		29.08
	印度河(5Q)	2401	4.94	1106.91		2.14	65.37±1.11		1.45
	合计	19659	40.47	20523.50		39.65	1611.96±35.37		35.87
总计		48571	100.00	51766.08		100.00	4494.00±175.93		100.00

省(区)	数量			面积			冰储量
省(区)	(条)		(%)		(km²)	(%)	(km³)	(%)
西藏	21863	45.01		23795.78	45.97		1984.78±61.22	44.17
新疆	20695	42.61		22623.82	43.70		2155.82±116.60	47.97
青海	3802	7.83		3935.81	7.60		274.74±0.32	6.11
甘肃	1538	3.17		801.10	1.55		39.90±1.76	0.89
四川	611	1.26		549.12	1.06		35.02±0.38	0.78
云南	62	0.13		60.45	0.12		3.74±0.07	0.08
总计	48571	100.00		51766.08	100.00		4494.00±175.93	100.00

The contemporary glaciers in China based on the Second Chinese Glacier Inventory

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