城市居民非工作活动的家内外时间分配及影响因素——以北京上地—清河地区为例

doi:10.11821/dlxb201410013

Abstract

Abstract:

With the growing mismatch between transport supply and demand in urban China, the analysis, forecasting and guidance of travel demand in a scientific and effective way has become a vital question for the sustainability of urban development. In western countries, the research of travel demand has developed from a trip-based perspective towards an activity-based perspective, and the analysis of the in-home and out-of-home activity participation, which is believed to be closely related to travel demand by many scholars, has provided significant implications for the research of travel demand. In China, however, there are few studies on the mechanism of travel demand from the perspective of in-home and out-of-home activity participation. Based on the first-hand data collected in the Beijing Residents' Activity and Travel Survey in 2012, this paper looked into the time allocation of in-home and out-of-home non-work activities of urban residents with an activity-based analysis of 460 respondents from the Shangdi-Qinghe area in Beijing, and thus tried to interpret the mechanism of the non-work travel demand of urban residents from an activity-based perspective. A series of structural equation models were applied to explore the determination of whether a non-work activity was pursued at home or away from home. The result of the models showed a high degree of good-of-fit. There were several main findings of the research: Firstly, there were significant differences between the duration of the in-home activities and that of the out-of-home activities. Secondly, there was a significant substitution between in-home and out-of-home activities. Thirdly, the time allocation of in-home and out-of-home non-work activities was affected by the work and commute duration and the socio-demographic characteristics, and there were endogenous links among different types of non-work activities. The result of this study may provide good implications for the modelling and influence of residents' travel demand.

Key words: travel demand, non-work activities, time allocation, structural equation model (SEM), activity-based approach

Zifeng CHEN, Yanwei CHAI. Time allocation to in-home and out-of-home non-work activities of urban residents: A case study of Shangdi-Qinghe area in Beijing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(10): 1547-1556.

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References 20

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变量	样本量 (比例%)	数据描述	变量	样本量 (比例%)	数据描述
1.个人属性			2.家庭属性
性别	460(100)	虚拟变量	住房产权	449(98)	虚拟变量
男	217(47)	1	自有	379(82)	1
女	243(53)	0	租赁	70(15)	0
年龄	460(100)	连续变量	家庭总人数	449(98)	连续变量
<18岁	2(0)		1	86(19)
18-30岁	110(24)		2	185(40)
31-40岁	197(43)		3	101(22)
41-50岁	114(25)		4	67(15)
51-60岁	34(7)		5	8(2)
>60岁	3(1)		7	2(0)
户籍	460(100)	虚拟变量	<16岁小孩	460(100)	虚拟变量
北京户籍	411(89)	1	有	169(37)	1
非北京户籍	49(11)	0	无	291(63)	0
婚姻状况	460(100)	虚拟变量	家庭网络情况	417(91)	虚拟变量
已婚	417(91)	1	有网络	403(88)	1
未婚或离异	43(9)	0	无网络	14(3)	0
教育程度	460(100)	等级变量	家庭机动车数	318(69)	等级变量
初中及以下	14(3)	1	无	44(10)	1
高中与中专	82(18)	2	1辆	247(54)	2
大专及以上	364(79)	3	>1辆	27(6)	3
就业状况	460(100)	等级变量	家庭月收入	455(99)	等级变量
无就业	45(10)	1	<1万元	26(6)	1
兼职就业	24(5)	2	1万-5万元	112(24)	2
全职就业	391(85)	3	5万-10万元	149(32)	3
个人月收入	460(100)	等级变量	10万-20万元	123(27)	4
<2000元	94(20)	1	>20万元	45(10)	5
2000-4000元	176(38)	2
4000-10000元	153(33)	3
>10000元	37(8)	4

大类	小类
工作相关	工作
	通勤
家内非工作	家内生活
	家内休闲
	睡眠
家外非工作	家外生活
	家外休闲

	工作日		休息日
	均值	标准差	均值	标准差
工作活动	360.384	175.522	74.315	170.705
通勤活动	32.913	33.091	6.674	19.651
睡眠活动	528.390	100.619	606.713	160.758
家内生活活动	177.809	119.338	284.433	187.563
家内休闲活动	130.567	107.837	231.002	180.159
家外生活活动	52.254	51.417	52.209	66.254
家外休闲活动	26.198	44.943	52.708	87.914

P值		P值
1.工作日 vs. 休息日		2. 家内活动 vs. 家外活动
工作活动	0.000	工作日生活活动	0.000
通勤活动	0.000	工作日休闲活动	0.000
睡眠活动	0.000	休息日生活活动	0.000
家内生活活动	0.000	休息日休闲活动	0.000
家内休闲活动	0.000
家外生活活动	0.990
家外休闲活动	0.000

	工作	睡眠	家外生活	通勤	家内生活	家外休闲
工作	0	0	0	0	0	0
睡眠	-0.092	0	0	0	0	0
家外生活	-0.101	-0.203	0	0	0	0
通勤	0.056	0	0	0	0	0
家内生活	-0.388	-0.145	-0.674	-0.304	0	0
家外休闲	-0.129	-0.126	0	0	-0.101	0
家内休闲	-0.467	-0.274	-0.693	-0.475	-0.453	-0.681

Time allocation to in-home and out-of-home non-work activities of urban residents: A case study of Shangdi-Qinghe area in Beijing

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	工作	睡眠	家外生活	家内生活	家外休闲	通勤
工作	0	0	0	0	0	0
睡眠	-0.178	0	0	0	0	0
家外生活	-0.033	-0.131	0	0	0	0
家内生活	-0.302	0	-0.591	0	0	0
家外休闲	-0.115	-0.189	-0.058	-0.114	0	0
通勤	0.071	0	0	0	0	0
家内休闲	-0.443	-0.136	-0.966	-0.679	-0.823	-0.89

变量	工作	通勤	睡眠	家外生活	家内生活	家外休闲	家内休闲
性别	8.922	-0.46	2.075	-2.874	-32.56***	-3.418	2.961
年龄	-2.913**	0.128	-0.293	-0.133	1.086*	0.155	0.551
婚姻状况	27.754	0.983	24.937	1.735	27.317	7.513	-10.914
户口	-32.257**	-2.811	-20.873	-5.989	11.718	-5.854	-12.187
教育程度	4.094	3.889	19.783*	3.139	-10.801	-6.381	-8.222
就业状况	85.328***	2.394	0.148	-3.35	3.601	0.852	-2.296
个人收入	33.013**	3.489	-13.966*	1.071	-0.344	3.898	-3.113
家庭收入	13.291*	0.784	2.331	-1.819	4.378	-1.062	-6.43
机动车数	-3.868	-3.482**	12.928**	2.077	2.435	0.667	-4.051
家庭总人数	-1.029	2.619*	4.568	-4.524**	4.409	0.139	0.561
<16岁小孩	6.969	-7.839**	-4.3	4.049	18.059*	-1.775	-16.442*
住房产权	45.373**	-1.589	-1.945	1.37	-4.946	3.057	-4.05
网络情况	27.723	11.551	64.292**	15.031	-47.571*	12.778	34.945

外生变量	工作	通勤	睡眠	家外生活	家内生活	家外休闲	家内休闲
性别	11.87	1.081	3.424	-4.012	-42.844**	0.361	8.181
年龄	-0.308	-0.064	-0.253	-0.578	2.831**	0.509	0.773
婚姻状况	-50.155	-5.031*	2.95	0.557	26.736	0.734	39.267*
户口	-43.764	0.541*	-20.279	6.148	35.913	19.726	6.778
教育程度	-24.169	0.792	33.083*	9.76	-18.033	-5.431	-7.396
就业状况	24.137*	-1.542	7.728	-9.05*	17.689	9.226	17.789*
个人收入	-10.064	-1.395	-14.505	2.027	9.97	-2.58	-6.17
家庭收入	24.137	-1.542*	7.728	-9.05	17.689*	9.226	17.789
机动车数	-9.776	1.175	16.622**	2.785	2.134	-1.985	0.407
家庭总人数	3.226	-0.014	-0.097	-2.352	13.072*	-5.594	3.391
<16岁小孩	46.386**	-2.18	-18.86	-7.478	31.327	9.078	-7.547
住房产权	24.23	-2.605	42.76**	-7.408	22.303	0.353	-11.898
网络情况	2.744	-3.093	77.356*	-14.146	-65.16	-25.192	11.876

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