1972-2012年青藏高原中南部内陆湖泊的水位变化

doi:10.11821/dlxb201407011

Abstract

Abstract:

The changes of lake levels could keep a record of lake variation on the Tibetan Plateau. Under the background of global warming in recent years, it is of importance to understand regional responses to climate changes by revealing the lake level variation of the inland lakes on the Tibetan Plateau. The paper obtained the time-series of the five typical lake areas and levels from 1972 to 2012 in the south-central Tibetan Plateau, and used the multi-sensor remote sensing data to analyze the variation of lake levels in recent 40 years. The results show that the three inland lakes (Pumo Yumco, Taro Co and Zhari Namco) expanded by 0.89 m, 0.70 m and 0.40 m in water level, respectively, while the two lakes (Peiku Co and Mapang Yumco) presented a decreasing tendency in water level. On the whole, the period 2000-2012 experienced remarkable changes compared with the preceding period (1976-1999). In term of spatial changes, the lakes of Peiku Co and Mapang Yumco, located in south fringe of the Tibetan Plateau, have shown the consistency in lake level changes, and so are the lakes of Taro Co and Zhari Namco in the southwestern part of central Tibetan Plateau.

Key words: Tibetan Plateau, lake level, spatial-temporal change, remote sensing

Xin ZHANG, Yanhong WU, Xin ZHANG. Water level variation of inland lakes on the south-central Tibetan Plateau in 1972-2012[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(7): 993-1001.

Figures/Tables 10

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References 32

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湖泊名称	年均气温 (^oC)	年均降水 (mm)	集水面积 (km²)	补给系数	补给方式	地貌特征
普莫雍错	2.0~4.0	300	1323.9	4.2	湖面降水、冰雪融水	喜马拉雅山北坡山间盆地
扎日南木错	0	250	15433.2	15.5	湖面降水、地表径流	山间断裂带
玛旁雍错	2.0	168.6	4148.0	10.0	湖面降水、地表径流	南北高山相隔东西阶地分布
佩枯错	2.0	300~400	1980.0	6.9	湖面降水、冰雪融水	喜马拉雅山北坡断裂盆地
塔若错	0~0.2	200	6929.4	14.2	湖面降水、地表径流	冈底斯北麓山间盆地

湖泊名称	位置	面积遥感数据		水位遥感数据 ICESat
湖泊名称	位置	Landsat		MODIS
普莫雍错	28°30′~28°38′N 90°13′~90°33′E	1972-2011年 35景	2001-2012年 552景	2003-2009年 14个时段
扎日南木错	30°44′~31°05′N 85°20′~85°54′E	1976-2012年 48景	2001-2012年 552景	2003-2009年 19时段
玛旁雍错	30°34′~30°47′N 81°22′~81°27′E	1972-2012年 39景	2001-2012年 552景	2003-2009年 19个时段
佩枯错	28°46′~29°02′N 85°30′~85°42′E	1976-2012年 27景	2001-2012年 552景	2003-2009年 18个时段
塔若错	31°03′~31°13′N 83°55′~84°20′E	1976-2012年 40景	2001-2012年 552景	2003-2009年 12个时段

湖泊名称	回归方程	R²	显著性水平
普莫雍错	Y = ln(x)*661.509-3468.351	0.721	α = 0.05
玛旁雍错	Y = ln(x)*242,184-1051.499	0.765	α = 0.05
塔若错	Y = ln(x)*1429.233-8369.144	0.762	α = 0.01
佩枯错	Y = ln(x)*411.402-2035.593	0.670	α = 0.05
扎日南木错	Y = ln(x)*678.377-3682.608	0.492	α = 0.05

湖泊名称	回归方程	R²	显著性水平
普莫雍错	Y = ln(x)*16.289-4918.349	0.433	α = 0.05
玛旁雍错	Y = ln(x)*19.660-4468.897	0.632	α = 0.01
塔若错	Y = ln(x)*30.442-4380.375	0.575	α = 0.01
佩枯错	Y = ln(x)*32.735-4396.264	0.481	α = 0.01
扎日南木错	Y = ln(x)*15.181-4508.691	0.656	α = 0.01

湖泊名称	1972-1999年				2000-2012年
	面积		水位		面积		水位
	变化率 (km²/a)	变化面积 (km²)	变化率 (m/a)	变化水位 (m)	变化率 (km²/a)	变化面积 (km²)	变化率 (m/a)	变化水位 (m)
普莫雍错	0.056	1.504	0.005	0.207	0.463	4.630	0.061	0.612
玛旁雍错	-0.120	-3.250	-0.003	-0.093	-0.234	-2.571	-0.007	-0.074
塔若错	-0.322	-7.42	-0.003	-0.061	1.004	11.046	0.200	2.195
佩枯错	-0.221	-5.085	-0.039	-0.894	-0.206	-2.470	-0.038	-0.457
扎日南木错	-0.737	-16.950	-0.008	-0.190	3.526	38.788	0.038	0.416

Water level variation of inland lakes on the south-central Tibetan Plateau in 1972-2012

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Figures/Tables 10

References 32

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	普莫雍错	玛旁雍错	塔若错	佩枯错
玛旁雍错	-0.332
显著性水平	0.226
塔若错	0.105	-0.382
显著性水平	0.734	0.198
佩枯错	-0.676	0.754	-0.369
显著性水平	0.011	0.003	0.237
扎日南木错	-0.111	-0.258	0.832	-0.218
显著性水平	0.719	0.418	0.003	0.497

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