黄土高原山地森林群落植物区系特征与地理格局

doi:10.11821/dlxb201407004

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the sampling data, we analyzed and revealed the floristic characteristics and the relationships of floristic composition between and among 11 mountains on the Loess Plateau. The results indicate that: (1) The floristic composition in forest communities in this region is abundant. Among the 353 plots, 1222 species of vascular plants, belonging to 473 genera of 108 families, were discovered. In those species, 1179 species of 447 genera of 93 families are Angyospermae, 9 species of 7 genera of 4 families are Gymnospermae, and 34 species of 19 genera of 11 families are Pteridophyta. (2) On the regional and local scales, the dominant distribution types of floristic elements at the family and genus levels are temperate origin, especially the north temperate origin. This characteristic is unique on the scale of community level. (3) The first axis of NMDS ordination revealed typical variation range of elevational gradient. The second axis displayed the latitudinal relationship between and among different mountains. The whole study area can be divided into 4 groups with different levels of floristic linkage by hierarchical clustering. Through the comparison of maximum Sørenson similarity coefficient, Helan Mountain, located at the northwest edge of the region, had the weakest relation with other mountains, whereas Taiyue Mountain had the strongest relation with all of the other mountains. (4) Multiple linear regression analysis accounted for 42.1% of the variation within the R/T value (ratio of the tropical to the temperate elements), revealing a significant trend that the R/T value in the region increased at sites with high annual average temperature, whereas it decreased at sites with high elevation. However, no significant tendency of the R/T value with annual precipitation was found in the same analysis.

Key words: Loess Plateau, forest community, plantflora, R/T value, geographic pattern

Mingfei ZHAO, Yuhang WANG, Kaixiong XING, Muyi KANG, Quanru LIU, Qiuyi LI, Yongmei HUANG. Floristic traits and geographic patterns of natural montane forests at community level on the Loess Plateau, North China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(7): 916-925.

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References 36

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山地名称	海拔 (m)	调查范围 (海拔m)	调查涉及的典型群落建群种	样地数
贺兰山	3556	1330~3150	青海云杉 (Picea crassifolia)、油松 (Pinus tabulaeformis)、灰榆 (Ulmus glaucescens)、杜松 (Juniperus rigida)	91 (其中65个为 10 m×10 m样地)
大青山	2338	1150~1940	白桦 (Betula platyphylla)、山杨 (Populus davidiana)、油松	15
芦芽山	2787	1820~2640	华北落叶松 (Larix principis-rupprechtii)、青杄 (Picea wilsonii)、白桦	17
关帝山	2831	1700~2510	华北落叶松、青杄、白桦、辽东栎 (Quercus wutaishanica)、油松	22
太岳山	2354	1480~2220	华北落叶松、辽东栎、红桦 (Betula albo-sinensis)、白桦、油松、青榨槭 (Acer davidii)	17
中太行	2148	1510~1940	辽东栎、山杨、油松	9
中条山	2322	730~2280	油松、辽东栎、栓皮栎、鹅耳枥 (Carpinus turczaninowii)、千金榆 (Carpinus cordata)、葛萝槭 (Acer grosseri)、栓皮栎 (Quercus variabilis)、槲栎 (Quercus aliena)、华山松 (Pinus armandii)	83 (20 m×20 m样地)
黄龙山	1784	1320~1740	辽东栎、油松、白桦	11
子午岭	1758	1120~1730	辽东栎、油松、白桦、侧柏 (Platycladus orientalis)	45
关山	2200	1520~2090	白桦、辽东栎、油松、槲栎、胡桃楸 (Juglans mandshurica)	18
六盘山	2942	2110~2710	白桦、红桦、糙皮桦 (Betula utilis)、辽东栎	22

分布区类型	科水平		属水平
分布区类型	No.	(%)	No.	(%)
F1. 世界广布Cosmopolitan	42	-	57	-
F2. 泛热带分布及变型Pantropic	27	41.5	31	7.5
F3. 热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布Trop. Asia & Trop. Amer. Disjuncted	4	6.2	5	1.2
F4. 旧世界热带分布及变型Old World Trop.	1	1.5	9	2.2
F5. 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布Trop. Asia to Trop. Australasia Oceania	1	1.5	5	1.2
F6. 热带亚洲至热带非洲分布Trop. Asia to Trop. Africa	-	-	5	1.2
F7. 热带亚洲分布及变型Trop. Asia	1	1.5	8	1.9
F8. 北温带分布及变型North Temperate	23	35.4	167	40.1
F9. 东亚和北美间断分布E. Asia & N. Amer. Disjuncted	2	3.1	40	9.6
F10. 旧世界温带分布Old World Temp.	1	1.5	67	16.1
F11. 温带亚洲分布Temp. Asia	-	-	24	5.8
F12. 地中海区、西亚至中亚分布Med., W. Asia to C. Asia	-	-	7	1.7
F13. 中亚分布C. Asia	-	-	2	0.5
F14. 东亚分布E. Asia	6	9.2	37	8.9
F15. 中国特有分布Endemic to China	-	-	9	2.2

生态因子	回归系数	标准化回归系数	t值	p值	决定系数	F值	p值
海拔 (m)	-0.00049	-0.2399	-3.265	0.001	0.421	59.41	< 0.001
年均温 (°C)	0.10170	0.2904	4.419	< 0.001
年降水 (mm)	-0.00002	-0.004	-0.082	0.935

Floristic traits and geographic patterns of natural montane forests at community level on the Loess Plateau, North China

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