Based on the diverse nexus between humans and nature, exploring innovative pathways and regional models for rural revitalization stands as a strategic cornerstone and a cutting-edge focus within rural studies. Following a systematical review on the shift of rural development paradigms, we in this paper propose an innovative pathway of rural neo-endogenous development driven by knowledge through the integration of concepts such as social innovation and rural transformation. Essentially, "knowledge-driven" can be understood as a process-based innovation, wherein various stakeholders participate in the generation, dissemination, feedback, and regeneration of scientific knowledge and local wisdom. This process ultimately precipitates shifts in behaviors and attitudes of both local and extra-local actors, thereby giving rise to collective insights and solutions for rural development. Regarding the functioning mechanisms, "knowledge-driven" typically facilitates the iteration of technological paths for rural development via four interconnected means: constructing novel discourses for rural transformation, empowering local communities, forging connections between local and extra-localities, and innovating rural governance. In practice implementation, "knowledge-driven" engages multiple stakeholders and unfolds across three sequential stages, they are, knowledge/experimentation searching, diffusion and expression of interest, collective learning and co-ordination. In conclusion, we contend that transcending the urban-centric "core-periphery" mindset, broadening the initial impetus and the cohort of pioneer actors, and streamlining the channel from "niche innovation" to "collective learning" hold significant promise for expediting the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas.
"Form-flow integration" is an important theoretical concept proposed for understanding the complex human-land relationships in metropolitan regions with highly concentrated human activities. Existing research on regional spatial patterns has gradually shifted from a single perspective based either on physical spatial forms or on elemental flows to a comprehensive analysis. The new paradigm of region spatial analysis has focused on the balance between physical spatial forms and elemental flows. However, an in-depth analysis of the interaction mechanism between physical spatial forms and elemental flows is still needed. Especially, it is crucial to explore the territorial spatial optimization of a metropolitan region based on the perspective of "form-flow integration". Drawing on the theoretical joint of "central flow" and "central place", and the theory of human-land interaction, this paper aims to figure out the theoretical foundation for the concept of "form-flow integration". Combining the dynamic changes of human activities and the system of geographical environment against the background of globalization, industrialization, and urbanization, this paper analyzes the connotation and mechanism of the interaction between physical spatial forms and elemental flows. Furthermore, it explores the theoretical framework and specific path of metropolitan spatial optimization from the perspective of "form-flow integration". This paper concludes that while the human-land relationship is an important theoretical basis for "form-flow integration", the "form-flow integration" is a prominent manifestation of human-land relationships, which provides an important perspective for understanding the complex human-land relationships in regions with highly concentrated human activities. Addressing the practical needs of ecological civilization construction and territorial spatial planning, this paper explores the establishment of comprehensive metropolitan evaluation, spatial layout guidance, simulation, and optimization control system for the integration analysis of physical spaces and flow elements. Besides, through optimizing the territorial space of metropolitan regions from the perspective of "form-flow integration", it helps to form a metropolitan region coordinated development path integrating elemental flows and local resources.
The integration of digital technology into rural development is opening up new opportunities and pathways for the modernization of China's rural areas. Innovative spatial governance models tailored to the digital era are establishing essential pathways to support rural modernization. In this new period, the digital transformation of rural spaces is characterized by the convergence of virtual and physical spaces and multi-scale fluidity. Despite this progress, significant challenges persist in advancing the "three rural issues" (agriculture, rural areas, and farmers) toward modernization. Constructing digital rural spatial governance framework and implementation pathways for rural modernization is of great practical significance. The paper, based on a technical approach of "theoretical construction → underlying mechanisms → pathway breakthroughs," explores a digital rural spatial governance system aimed at advancing rural modernization in China. The study reveals several key findings: (1) Digital rural spatial governance is an innovative approach to spatial development and usage control, driven by emerging new technologies and evolving needs. This governance model enhances the value of rural spaces, ensures rational spatial flows, fosters diverse participation, and introduces new models for managing and utilizing rural space. (2) The core components of modern digital rural spatial governance include three main aspects: the governance of material spaces to optimize the human-land relationship, the governance of spatial value to harmonize urban-rural relationships, and the governance of spatial flows to merge virtual and physical spaces seamlessly. These approaches work together to build a stronger foundation for digital governance in rural areas, expand new multi-stakeholder models for spatial management, and create innovative pathways for realizing spatial value. Through these efforts they contribute new momentum to China's rural modernization. (3) Rural modernization in China encompasses advancements in rural production systems, urban-rural integration, and organizational structures. (4) By refining human-land dynamics, value frameworks, and spatial flow mechanisms, digital rural spatial governance creates opportunities for diversification in rural spatial development, broadening channels for spatial value transformation, and enhancing the effectiveness of rural organizational structures. This, in turn, provides vital support for achieving a modernized rural landscape. (5) Digital rural spatial governance establishes a cohesive framework for rural modernization by supporting coordinated development across agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. It promotes urban-rural integration and comprehensive rural governance, advancing the broader objective of rural modernization. This study helps clarify the intrinsic relationship between digital rural spatial governance and rural modernization, offering valuable references for innovative rural development in the digital age.
This study investigates the multi-scale differentiation of terrain from an urban-rural perspective and proposes a path for the multi-scale integration of terrain. Such insights are of highly significant value for the understanding, utilization and protection of terrain, and also contribute to regional development. This study introduces the theory of urban-rural terrain integration based on the understanding and expansion on concepts such as scale, materiality-immateriality and integration. Its connotation, pathway, concept, and step for realizing this theory are elaborated in this study. Finally, this study illustrates the specific realization process using Jurong as a case. From the study, two conclusions emerged: (1) The essence of urban-rural terrain integration is a development concept that includes two specific connotations: materiality integration - linking urban-rural terrain landscapes, and immateriality integration - facilitating ecological sharing between urban and rural terrains. Materiality integration can be regarded as the foundation of immateriality integration. The realization of urban-rural terrain integration is required by two dimensions as support, which are institutional design and corridor design. The concept of its realization spans through a nested process from large to micro scales, with realization steps categorized into the evaluation of integration condition and the construction of integration corridor. (2) Based on the results of the evaluation of integration condition and the feasibility of the construction of integration corridor, this study preliminarily provides a brief institutional framework for urban-rural terrain integration in Jurong, and designs a brief integration corridor with the concept of ecological leisure. The urban-rural terrain integration in Jurong has successfully achieved the objectives such as linking urban-rural terrain landscapes, facilitating ecological sharing between urban and rural terrains, and optimizing the utilization and protection of terrain, resulting in favorable socio-economic and ecological benefits. The results of this study can provide new concepts for terrain development, utilization and protection, new insights for urban-rural integration development, and new directions and theoretical basis for related studies.
A key approach to improving the predictive capability of territorial space planning is to effectively analyze the common challenges and governance experiences of pioneering countries. China serves as a notable example, with its increasing emphasis on integrating rational evolution of territories into spatial planning. In this study, we examined the spatiotemporal structure of Japan's territorial space, spatial transformation, and the spatial and temporal evolution of spatial conflicts from 1976 to 2021 on a national scale. We also simulated the future spatial evolution of Japan's territorial space based on the identification of the key driving factors. The results reveal the following: (1) Over the past 45 years, approximately one-quarter of Japan's territorial space has undergone structural transformation. Considerable urban space expansion and continuous ecological environment optimization have been accompanied by a marked decline in agricultural space and food production. This has created substantial food security challenges due to the degradation of agricultural production capacity. Concentration of the population in economically developed plains and topographically flat bay areas has exacerbated conflicts.(2) Japan's territorial space evolution exhibits distinct stages. Although national economic fluctuations and demographic changes do not substantially affect the overall trajectory of territorial space evolution, they can influence the rate and process of evolution. At the late stage of urbanization, the driving forces of spatial evolution are expected to be more concentrated on demographic, economic, and natural background factors. (3) Simulation results across various scenarios suggest no major structural changes in Japan's future territorial space pattern. Agricultural areas will continue to be encroached upon, exacerbating the national food security crisis as the challenges of rural depopulation and aging population deepen. In the next 10 to 15 years, Japan may form a world-class mega-aging urban agglomeration by linking the three major metropolitan areas of Tokyo, Nagoya, and Kansai.
Large cites play a leading role in the industrial transformation and upgrading. Based on data on municipal districts for 284 cities at the prefecture level and above in China from 2006 to 2019, this paper investigates the relationship between urban industrial transformation and population size of cities and its evolution pattern, under the perspective of urban scaling laws. There are two main findings in this study. Firstly, the development of urban industries in China is influenced by both the overall development of industries and the change in urban population size, and the correspondence between scaling exponent and location quotient for industries is confirmed: specifically, large cities, which are ranked in the top 5% in terms of population size, are characterized by industries with a superlinear scaling factor of employment population, such as real estate, rental and business services, and scientific research and technical services; small cities, which are ranked in the bottom 75% of population size, are typified by industries with a sublinear scaling factor of employment population, like agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, and mining; and cities ranked from 5% to 25% of population size are observed to have an industrial structure which is in a transitional phase between the first two types of cities. Secondly, the evolution pattern of urban industries is verified by Chinese evidence, with average recapitulation index of 0.49 and 0.37 respectively for industries and cities. It is thus evident that the industrial structure in cities shifts gradiently with their population size, that is, industrial upgrading in large cities comes first, and then it will exert a radiating effect on the industrial transformation in small cities.
This study employs the interlocking network model approach of the Globalization and World Cities Research Group (GaWC). Using data from 2702 modern financial institutions, including Chinese banks, foreign banks, and old-style native banks, mentioned in the 1935 National Banking Yearbook, we construct a modern Chinese urban network. The study analyzes the network characteristics, spatial structure, and distribution of cohesive subgroups, and ultimately explores the influencing factors using a Generalized Linear model. Our findings are as follows: (1) The modern Chinese urban network based on the financial industry is dominated by Chinese banks, followed by foreign banks and old-style native banks. (2) In terms of network linkage intensity, the urban network of Chinese banks forms a development axis structure with "(Shanghai-Nanjing)-(Tianjin-Beijing)" as the vertices. The urban network ties of foreign banks are centered in the coastal and northeastern regions. The network linkages of the old-style native banks show a discrete distribution pattern. (3) Concerning cohesive subgroups, subgroup 0 of the urban network of Chinese banks covers areas north of the Yangtze River and the coastal provinces, and a number of provincial subgroups survive in areas south of the Yangtze River. The city network of foreign banks is divided into two major subgroups: the northeastern region and the coastal provinces. The spatial extent of the subgroups of the urban network of the old-style native banks varies greatly, with much overlap between subgroups. (4) Compared with the modern inter-port trade network, the finance-based city network has a more balanced north-south distribution and a more integrated spatial configuration; compared to the modern financial industry-based urban network, the early-modern network shows a more concentrated distribution of vertices and greater alignment with political centers. (5) Regression analyses show that economic privileges, the prosperity of the national capital, and new transport conditions are major factors influencing the modern finance-based city network.
Innovation output is an important embodiment of urban innovation ability, increasingly driven by innovation cooperation. While the classic buzz-and-pipelines model distinguishes the theoretical influence of local versus external cooperation on innovation output, empirical research on their relationship remains weak. Leveraging data on invention applications and patent cooperation in China from 2010 to 2019, we depicted the spatial and temporal evolution of urban innovation output and cooperation. Using Geodetector, we identified the influence of intra- and inter-city innovation cooperation on urban innovation output and analyzed variations in their effects across different periods and city types. Our findings reveal substantial growth in both innovation output and cooperation across Chinese cities. There has been a shift from an endogenous mode depending on buzz (intra-city cooperation) to an extraverted mode based on pipelines (inter-city cooperation). The buzz-and-pipelines effect on urban innovation output displays periodic patterns, with the mechanisms of intra- and inter-city cooperation differing significantly among cities due to varying regional contexts, development stages, and status. We posit that nurturing buzz provides primordial impetus for innovation factor agglomeration and the output, while developing pipelines transfuses vigor for urban knowledge renewal and complexity. These effects shape the stable structure of urban internal and external linkages through a path-dependent evolution, facilitating mutual prosperity through synergy and resonance. Our study extends the buzz-and-pipelines theory to the urban scale, integrating intra- and inter-city innovation connection into a unified research framework. It reveals the evolutionary mechanism of their interaction, deepening our understanding of the spatial mechanisms on urban innovation output and guiding spatial practices in urban innovation cooperation.
The collaborative agglomeration of manufacturing and producer services is a new industrial form and has become an important growth pole to achieve high-quality development of regional economy. Based on the perspective of complex spatial network, this paper first constructs an improved collaborative agglomeration index of manufacturing and producer services, and then adopts the revised gravity model to calculate the spatial correlation matrix. Secondly, social network analysis method is used to describe the structural characteristics of the spatial correlation network of industrial collaborative agglomeration in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) in China from 2003 to 2021. Finally, this paper explores the driving mechanism of correlation network under the spatial interaction theory and resource field theory by combining regional geographical conditions and socio-economic factors. The results show that: (1) During the study period, the spatial directivity of the collaborative agglomeration between manufacturing and producer services has not changed, the regional differences tend to converge, and the unbalanced distribution pattern has been improved. (2) The collaborative agglomeration of manufacturing and producer services gradually presents a complex network form of multi-thread interweaving, the overall network density is constantly increasing, and the spatial correlation has a large room for improvement. The network connectivity is good, the stability of the network structure is continuously enhanced, and the "core-edge" structure in the individual network is prominent. (3) The eastern region is mainly the "net benefit" and "broker" blocks, the northeast region and the western region are the "two-way spillover" and "net spillover" blocks. The spatial correlation network is dominated by the spillover effect and correlation effect between blocks. (4) Spatial adjacency, differences in economic development level, differences in labor input level and other factors jointly drive the formation of spatial correlation network. The conclusion of this study is helpful to optimize the spatial correlation network of manufacturing and producer services and promote the realization of high-quality economic development and regional coordinated development.
Industrial collaborative agglomeration is the product of industrial development to the advanced stage, and it is also the concrete manifestation of industrial collaborative development in space. This paper starts with the measurement method of industrial collaborative agglomeration, and constructs a comprehensive measurement method system aiming at the modifiable area unit problem (MAUP) and poor visualization effect existing in the current research methods. The paper uses the method to make an empirical study on the collaborative agglomeration of manufacturing and producer services in Beijing, and analyzes the dynamic evolution process and characteristics of collaborative agglomeration in time and space. The results show that: (1) In 2018, the range of agglomeration span of industry pairs was 34 km, and the average agglomeration intensity was 0.0858. Compared with 2008, the agglomeration scope was more dispersed and the agglomeration intensity was reduced, but knowledge-intensive industry pairs such as equipment manufacturing, science and technology, and information transmission services were more inclined to collaborative agglomeration. (2) In 2008, industry pairs with a high level of collaborative agglomeration were concentrated in the core areas of the city, but in 2018, they spread to the peripheral areas along the traffic arteries, forming a distribution pattern of "multi-point agglomeration", which roughly corresponds to the demonstration parks of the integration of the two industries planned by Beijng. (3) On the whole, the collaborative agglomeration of manufacturing and producer services showed a decline in the agglomeration intensity, but the grid distribution of medium and high collaborative agglomeration expanded, the inter-regional disequilibrium narrowed, and the spatial distribution was optimized. Industrial parks, transport accessibility and information technology development have played an important role in this.
In the context of U.S.-China trade war and COVID-19 pandemic and troubling global economy, the interaction between geopolitical risk (GPR) and global production network (GPN) has emerged as a new direction for GPN 2.0 research agenda. Exploring the reconfiguration process, strategic responses, and causal explanatory dynamics of lead firms is of practical and theoretical significance. This study uses interview data from 32 companies (Huawei and its suppliers) surveyed in Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Dongguan in 2023. Focusing on the spatial logic, regional redistribution, actor strategies, and causal interaction mechanisms, this study illuminates how Huawei navigates the causal dynamics and strategies of its production network, particularly the complex landscape of industrial transfer from Shenzhen to Dongguan. The results, based on the GPN 2.0 perspective, (1) reveal three actor-specific strategies employed by Huawei: inter-firm control based on the leader and follower effects, inter-firm partnership seeking alternative strategic partners. This strategy is further strengthened through extra-firm bargaining between Huawei and local governments in Shenzhen and Dongguan, where Huawei seeks to market entitlement of local real estate, expands its market reach for 5G technologies and fosters local industrial upgrading. (2) There are three dynamic factors influencing Huawei's restructuring: the first is the cost-capability ratio, primarily considering the reduction of land costs and the optimization of its R&D headquarters, southern production base, talent training, and employee facilities; the second is market-driven, with a focus on the To-Business (ToB) model to explore new domestic 5G markets, establishing the "three BGs + five major corps" model, and expanding local markets, particularly through smart city projects in Shenzhen and Dongguan; the third factor is the risk environment posed by the U.S.-China trade war, which has driven Huawei to support a diversified domestic supply chain. Overall, Huawei's production network restructuring is driven by these three considerations: reducing production costs, expanding a more feasible and stable domestic 5G and industrial internet market, and mitigating the geopolitical risks posed by U.S.-China tensions that could disrupt its current production network. (3) This, in turn, influences the interplay between Huawei's dynamics and strategies: The risky environment drives Huawei's inter-firm control, market imperatives and risks deeply affect Huawei's inter-firm partnership. The core of Huawei's extra-firm bargaining with local governments is optimising cost-capability ratios and sustaining 5G/real estate markets. Overall, this study extends GPN risk research to the major role and subjective initiative of lead firms beyond previously considered roles of the state, techno-nationalism, international relations and geopolitical interventions. This study demonstrates how Huawei internalises and interacts with specific GPR as a causal factor, shedding light on firm adaption and evolution in response to changing geopolitical challenges. This paper has three main research contributions as follows: firstly, it introduces actor strategies in the reconfiguration studies and extends to the issue of interaction between actor strategies and causal dynamics in the GPN 2.0; secondly, the internalisation of GPR as a causal consideration of corporate restructuring is a positive and effective attempt to bridge the new research agenda of GPN 2.0; and thirdly, the paper focuses on the reconfiguration of Huawei's DPN, and in particular explores the industrial transfer and reconfiguration of Huawei from Shenzhen to Songshanhu town in Dongguan.
Against the backdrop of China's rural revitalization strategy, this study clarified the concept of rural subjectivity and developed a framework from the perspective of the development status and reconstruction of the rural regional system. The study aimed to outline the impact of rural subjectivity on the rural regional system. Twenty villages in the Lijiang River and Yulong River basins in Yangshuo county, which have been reconstructed for tourism development, were taken as case studies. This study applied questionnaire data, an entropy weight TOPSIS method, and a coupled coordination model to assess the levels of rural subjectivity, the development of the rural regional system, and their coupled coordination. The fsQCA method was used to analyze the diverse influence pathways of rural subjectivity on the rural regional system. The findings showed that: (1) The theory of rural subjectivity held discursive significance in promoting the reinstatement of rural status; conceptual significance in fostering a dynamic and open rural ontology; and motivational significance in enhancing rural residents' subjective status and role. (2) The level of rural subjectivity in the two river basins of Yangshuo county was relatively balanced, but there were notable spatial variations in the levels of each dimension. (3) The rural regional system comprised five major subsystems: population, natural environment, human environment, economy, and resources. The rural regional system in the two river basins was at a low to medium level of development, exhibiting significant differences in the levels of each subsystem, both in terms of results and spatial distribution. (4) Individual elements of rural subjectivity did not constitute the necessary conditions to influence the coupling and coordination degree of the rural regional system. The pattern of influence for a high coupling coordination degree in the rural regional system can be summarized as "sufficient rural subjectivity" whereas a pattern of "insufficient heterogeneity of rural subjects" would result in a low coupling coordination degree.
Focusing on the investment security of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), this study analyzes the geopolitical environment of countries (regions) along the Belt and Road from two dimensions: the political-business environment and political inclination. Since the proposal of the BRI in 2013, the political-business environments of the participating countries (regions) have shown slight improvements, though there are significant regional disparities. Generally, these environments are better at the eastern and western ends of the BRI countries (regions), while the central regions lag behind. There is no significant spatial dependence in the political-business environments of these countries (regions), but a weak trend toward homogenization exists, with lower-scoring countries (regions) mainly located in the former Commonwealth of the Independent States, the Middle East, and the Indochina Peninsula. These regions show weak interconnections and exhibit characteristics of "being alike but not cohesive", suggesting that BRI efforts should focus on contiguous breakthroughs rather than scattering in isolated points. The evaluation of political inclination shows that the political division among the BRI countries (regions) is significant, with varying attitudes towards China. As the attitudes towards China warm up, the political-business environment tends to deteriorate. This negative correlation between the two factors indicates that countries (regions) actively participating in the BRI are relatively politically unstable and economically underdeveloped, seeking to leverage the initiative for their development. Therefore, in the construction of the Belt and Road, while ensuring investment security, we should actively promote Chinese values, striving for the support and participation of more countries (regions) with favorable political-business environments. Given the realities of underdeveloped political-business environments and political divisions along the Belt and Road, China urgently needs to explore a geopolitical theory that fits the geopolitical pattern of the BRI to ensure the progress and reclaim the political narrative power through reshaping the geopolitical strategic narrative. This paper's quantitative evaluation of political inclination provides a preliminary exploration into the political fragmentation among these countries (regions) and serves as a reference for advancing research on the geopolitical environment.
Flight delay reveals important spatial interaction patterns and could offer crucial insights into the unique characteristics of airports. Existing studies mainly focus on identifying static or individual airport delay patterns, but neglecting the complex nonlinear dynamics involved. To fill the gap, this study proposes a novel methodology to explore the variations in airport delays, considering both temporal changes and spatial differences. We develop a new PageRankCube model that adopts multiple technologies, such as delay network generation, Gi* statistics, Mann-Kendall trend identification, and network node effect measurements. Three types of flight delay networks, including arrival delays, departure delays, and flight delays, are constructed to discover spatiotemporal variability patterns, utilizing a dataset of approximately 350,000 flight records from 247 airports in China. The results show that: (1) Airport delays have a greater impact in eastern and southern China, but less influence in western and northern China. Strong cold and hot spots are grouped in several locations, whereas weak cold spots are distributed. (2) Large international airports in Beijing, Tianjin, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and Chengdu have formed a continuous and enhanced high delay spatial influence; small and medium-sized airports in the Northeast, Central and Western regions have shown a continuous low delay influence in time and space. (3) Compared with the departure delay network, the arrival delay network shows more significant heterogeneity in spatio-temporal distribution. The spatio-temporal heterogeneity between the flight delay and arrival delay networks shows higher similarity. (4) Enhanced hotspot airports can cause or transmit large-scale delays, while continuous cold spot airports have discrete and marginalized structural characteristics, resembling a "small world" network. This work addresses the constraints of conventional static delay pattern analysis, captures the changing spatial and temporal variations in delay patterns, and offers technical assistance in developing aviation control techniques.
In the context of digital transportation, the relationship between ride-hailing services, public transport usage, and the built environment is a crucial area of research in urban geography and transportation geography. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of research in quantifying the impact of ride-hailing on public transport travel from the spatio-temporal dimensions, and the role played by the built environment in this context has not been clarified. To address these limitations, a spatio-temporal measure method of the substitution effect of ride-hailing travel was proposed by introducing demand elasticity theory and big data technology. Additionally, an efficient, dynamic, and refined measure method of the built environment was developed. On this basis, by integrating random forests with interpretable machine learning models, this paper focused on analyzing the multi-factorial nonlinear interactions and spatio-temporal coupling effect that influence the substitution effect. The empirical study of Chengdu shows that: (1) Travel efficiency is key to the competitiveness of public transport. For the same trip, the travel time of public transport is typically 2.0-3.5 times that of ride-hailing. Specifically, taking public transport often requires a 10-min walk to complete the first/last 1 km and involves 0-2 transfers. (2) There is a significant substitution effect of ride-hailing travel on public transport in the central city, with 28.69% and 27.08% of ride-hailing trips substituting public transport on weekdays and weekends, respectively, and the substitution effect is significantly enhanced during peak periods. (3) Destination accessibility has the highest positive impact on the substitution rate, followed by demographic socioeconomic factors, with urban spatial form and public transport accessibility having a relatively small degree of influence on the substitution rate. (4) The influence of built environment on the substitution effect exhibits a nonlinear interactive characteristic, with threshold ranges and interaction strengths showing significant variation over time. This study not only breaks through the limitations of traditional static "space-behavior" research, but also provides application references for the optimization of urban traffic and refined regulation of the built environment.
As a new tourism carrier, tourism corridor combines richer elements and has more open and broader living space, which has significant advantages in promoting common prosperity along the route, facilitating the evolvement of regional livelihood and enhancing the sustainability of farmers' livelihoods. Based on common prosperity, this paper takes the Sichuan-Xizang route in southern Anhui as a case, using network data, interview data and tourist survey data. It aims to investigate tourism corridor's elements, its development process as well as the evolvement of farmers' tourism livelihood, and finally explore its influencing factors. The key findings are as follows: (1) With multiple and hierarchical spatial structures, the corridor tourism area consists of seven elements, namely commuting roads, corridor of special experience, scenic resources, scenic spots, nodes (entrance nodes, viewing nodes, service nodes), derivative micro-attractors and local ecological environment. (2) The evolution of corridor tourism area generally goes through four stages: commuting stage, scenic area driving stage, main corridor radiation stage, and vine network stage. In the stage of vine network, local ecological environment becomes the core attraction of the corridor. (3) From the perspective of overall prosperity and outcome sharing, the common prosperity effect of corridor tourism area is remarkable, however, there are obvious gradual and sequential differences. (4) The farmers' tourism livelihood evolves with the development of corridor tourism area, which is mainly manifested as structural changes in livelihood capital, composite trend in livelihood strategies, passive shift in term of livelihood vulnerability and adaptive adjustments in livelihood policies. Livelihood outcomes, characterized by livelihood stability, accessibility and sustainability, have improved considerably. (5) The evolvement of farmers' tourism livelihood is affected by social factors such as location, government policies and co-construction mechanisms, as well as natural factors such as elevation and slope. Among all these factors, government policies are at the core and exerts influence on other factors.
The proposal of new quality productive forces of the ice and snow economy addresses global climate change challenges and meets the demands of technological and industrial transformations for high-quality development. The new quality productive forces of ice and snow economy develop in alignment with the zonal distribution of natural resources, place a strong emphasis on ecological principles and adhere to the value transformation mechanisms of ice and snow resources. The formation of the productive forces is expected to release multiple benefits with ecological, economic, and social dimensions. The new quality productive forces of ice and snow economy are characterized by technology-driven resource development, synergistic integration across the entire ice and snow industry value chain, and focusing on high-quality, green growth. Grounded in geography and economics, the new quality productive forces of ice and snow link scientific innovation, productive factors reallocation, and industrial upgrading with resource constraints. Moreover, the forces expand the growth potential of the ice and snow economy, fostering new production relations integrated through digital, intelligent, and green integration as well as promote low-carbon, sustainable development under the concept that "ice and snow landscapes are also mountains of gold and silver." The new quality productive forces of China's ice and snow economy place emphasis on high-standard resource protection, balanced human-environment relationships, resilient integrated supply chain framework, and an efficient "dual circulation" economic model. Practical strategies include integrating production factors, optimizing spatial resource allocation, fostering industrial synergy, and adapting production relations, aiming to advance the sustainable and high-quality development of China's ice and snow economy.
