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  • 1988 Volume 7 Issue 1
    Published: 15 March 1988
      
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  • THE CONCEPTION, CONNOTATION, AND CONTINUATION OF THEORETICAL GEOGRAPHY
    Niu Wenyuan
    1988, 7(1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj1988010001
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    The kernel of theoretical geography is derived from the interaction and interconnect between physical factors and human activity occuring or occured in geographical environment. It should be to interpret or discorve some more general law on the integral foundation consisting "of "geographical phenomena", "geographical events", "geographical structure", "geographical process", "geographical function", "geographical effect", and "geographical quanlity". The theoretical geography has also explored the philosophical connotation and methodology of geography. And, it should reflect whole hard core of geography in the integral scale and the advanced level.The discussions of theoretical geography tend to fall into connection of two categories, the unity and the reality of natural world. Scholars who praise the theories and regulations do so in the belief that it is the essential manifestation of all superficial phenomena. Indeed, the dynamic and the transition of matter, energy, and information in geographical systems seem to be as the theme of theoretical geography.Besides the argumentation dealing with definition,history, and basic principles of theoretical geography, in the paper we have already concluded its contents into seven aspects;1. "Chaos and order" of geographical environment,2. Geographical systems, 3. Spatjal structure,4. Analysis of geographical process, 5. Organization effect and geographical gradient. 6. Geographical coupling of temporal and spatial research, 7. Behavious and perception of geographical body.
  • UNIVERSALISM AND LOCALISM OF THE COSMIC THEORY OF SPHERICAL HEAVEN AND PLANE EARTH
    Jin Zumeng
    1988, 7(1): 12-17. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj1988010002
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    The theory of spherical leaven and plane earth (天圆地平说) in remote antiquity was a kind of primitive cosmologieal hypotheses, of which the Huntian Theory (浑天说) in ancient China was an outstanding model. This theory held that the heaven is a sphere with the place of odservation as its center and the earth a concentric circular plane. Furthermore the earth consists of a land mass in its central area and a ring-shaped ocean in its margin and disects the heaven into a visible upper hemisphere and an invisible lower hemisphere.This paper pays special attention to its universalism and localism.This theory appeared not only in ancien.t China hut also in the western worldjsuch as Babylonia and ancient Greece. Our country placed stress on the spherical heaven and expressed it with a celestial globe (浑天象). On the contrary,the western world put emphasis on the circular plane earth and showed it with a wneel-ahaped world map.This is its universalism.In different areas,this theory had different centers of the earth surface. Eor example, ancient Chinese scholars took Yang Cheng(阳城), the first capital of Xia dynasty, as the center of the world, whereas ancient Greek philosophers considered their home-land as the common center of the spherical heaven and the circular earth This is the localism of this theory.
  • THE CHANGES OF HEI RIVER (RUOSHUI) SYSTEM IN HEXI
    Feng Shengwu
    1988, 7(1): 18-26. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj1988010003
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    The Hexi desert and oases region of Gansu Province belong to internal drainage area where all rivers originate from Qilian Mountains. From east to west, the rivers can be divided into four drainage systems; Shiyang river system, Hei river system, Shule river system and Harteng river system. Har-teng river flows into Suganhu Basin which lies in the northern margin of Caidamu Basin, while all theot her three drainage systems flow into Hexi Corridor, Hei river is the greatest and longest of all these rivers, stretching north to Alashan Plateau. This paper mainly discusses the distribution and change features of Hei river system based on the ancient and modern maps and salt content in ancient rivers and lakes and deduces how it has changed from exterior river to interior river, from integrate drainage system to many seperate drainage systems, from a river with its middle and lower reaches in the same course to a special river which changes alternately between surface water and undergronud water in the middle and lower reaches, and forming many oases of varying sizes along the bank of the river in certain regions.
  • ECOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF MIRE IN THE SANJIANG PLAIN
    Yang Yongxing
    1988, 7(1): 27-35. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj1988010004
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    This paper makes an approach to ecological classification of mire in the Sanjing Plain according to the view of ecology, selecting nine indexes of mire ecosystem, and dy means of principal component analysis, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis.The author considers that the aim of mire classification is to reveal essential properties of mire ecosystem and differences of mire formation and development. We not only try hard to reflect essential dif ferences among mire types, but also make great efforts to explore quantity scale measuring difference among mire types. Mire classification must be accor ding to essential properties of mire ecosystem, which are important elements for flows of energy and material in mire ecosystem.On the basis of classifi-catioh principle and method mentioned above, the mire in the Sanjiang Plain can de grouped into two types (seasonal water-logged mire and perennial water-logged mire), four subtypes and eight dodies.This method is favourable for translating interrelationship of multidimensional space among mires which can't be illustrated in plane, into illustration in twodimen-sional figure, and measuring qualitatively differentiations in mire types and setting up discrimination mathmatics models of classification for unknown types of mire.In addition,the author suggests some indexes of mire eco-elassification. namely microgeomorphological index, vegetation type, clay content of sediment, origanic content, pH of plant residual laver by quantity. The eco-classi-fication has a certain significance in guiding for exploiting and utilizing mire scientifieally.
  • LIVESTOCK HUSBANDRY CLIMATE OF THE STEPPE IN INNER MONGOLIA
    Sun Jinzhu
    1988, 7(1): 36-45. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj1988010005
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    The livestock husbandry Climate and Characteristics of the steppe in Inner Mongolia are as follows; abundant light energy and sunshine, severely cold and long winter, warmer and short summer,rare annual rainfall and high temperature mostly in summer.Four grass delts of forest-steppe, steppe, desert steppe and desert have been formed according to the regional differentiation of precipitation and temperature.The nutrition value of herbage in the studied area is higher.The height and product of the herbage are relevant to the precipitation during the herbage growth period.It is adequate that catties and horses are grazed in the east of the studied area with great precipitation, sheep in the middle east with medial precipitation, and goats and camels in the westeral part with less precipitation. Grass growth period can be divided into four stages of turning green, grow ing. mature and turning yellow owing to the cyclic change of climate.Therefore, livestock growing can be divided into four stages of reconversion.increasing weight, stable and decreasing weight period.Disaster weather of livestock Husbandry are as follows; drought, snow disaster, strong wind and isand storm.we must plant a great number of trees and grasses and develop water conservancy, canstruct livestock shed and increase the capacity against disasters and to prevent the lirestock from illness. Thus, the stable development of livestock husbandry can de ensured.
  • A PRELIMINARY APPROACH TO THE COMPREHENSIVE TERRITORIAL PLANNING IN THE COAL MINE AREA
    Fan Jie
    1988, 7(1): 46-52. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj1988010006
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    Presently, the construction of coal energy base has become an important aspect influencing the economic development of our country.This essay conducts an preliminary approach to the thinking and working methods in carrying out comprehensive territorial planning in the coal-mine area.Based on the evaluation of areal coal resource and other natural resources and geographical division and co-operation of production within an even broader spatial scope, it expounds the basic principles in rationally determining the regional economic structure and the allocation of production, and points out that, with special respect to the different characteristics of the three developing stages in the coal-mine area, it is necessary in research to put great attention to the influence of water resource and transportation condition, to place coal industry, electricity industry, metallurgical industry, chemical industry and building material industry as the main economic departments, to keep harmonious and balance among the key items of these industries and the integrated economic development and to convert these planning schemes to practical action both in time arrangement and in spatial allocation so as to make these schemes become the scientific guidance to the economic construction of the coal-mine area.
  • A DISCRIMINATORY ANALYSIS OF THE REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF THE AREA BETWEEN GUANZHONG AND SHAANBEI
    Wei shengmin
    1988, 7(1): 53-58. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj1988010007
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    In this papar,the division of the generally acknowledged typical counties of the Weibei dry and high-level area is taken as the experience classification, and the regional differentiation of the agricultural productive conditions of the area between Cuanzhong and shaanbei is discriminated by using two-level discriminatory analysis method based on climate and agriculture data.The limits of the Weibei dry and high-level area which is in an important position in the development of Shaanxi agriculture are determined by combining the discriminatory results with othernatura] features of the area. That is significant to the clarification of the regional features and the determination of the direction of the regional development in agriculture.
  • REMOTE SENSING ANALYSIS OF SALINIZATION GEOCHEMISTRY IN TIXNRAN WENYAN CHANNEL VALLEY IN THE NORTHERN PART OF HENAN PROVINCE
    Zhao Junlin
    1988, 7(1): 59-64. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj1988010008
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    This article analyses the interpretation signature of saliniration of soil on IR color photography on the basis of the relation between salinization and natural conditional discusses the fetures of geochemistry differentiation of salinization in Tianran Wenyan channel valley. According to the analysis, patterns of salinized soil on IR color photography depend on the distribution environments of salinized soil, and tones are crodely related with the degrees of salinization which appear time differentiation with seasons.
  • A DISCUSSION ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDYING BURIED LANDFORM IN URBAN CONSTRUCTION
    Pan Fengying
    1988, 7(1): 65-72. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj1988010009
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    Urbanism is the inevitable consequence of industrialization In recent years, the construction of urban fundamental installation has been emphasized in our country. Since the land resource is limited in our country, it is necessary to make full use of land space and proceed multiple-layer construction and reconstruction under ground. Therefore, it is. essential to drill deep-surveying hole for engineering geoiogy and make a thorough investigation of underground engineering,geoiogic conditions such ae geological structue,geom-orphologic type, the distribution of rock formation, soil horizon and so on. These will be the important technical basis in making a design and engineering plan. with the increasing amount of data of deep dills in urban area, it becomes possible to study buried landform.The engineers and college geologists in Nanjing have cooperatively achieved a lot in studying buried landform.The significance of studying buried landform is:Firstly and chiefly, to enrich regional engineering geology data, to choose appropriate construction site and improve the quality of design and con-struclion.In Nanjing urban area, the basically surveyed buried landforms includethree grades of terrace(3-5 meters, -20--22meters) and lots of palaeo-rivers and paleaogullies.These scientific and technical materials can make the fundamental installation projects effective to stifle possible danger in the cradle;Secondly, to be useful to work out urban an thearthquake measures;Thirdly, to provide leads for improving urban water supple and carrying on euviron mental proteetion;Fourthly, to make reference to select the underground station.Finally, to furish imporiant eyidence for studying palaenelimate, the law of sea level fluctuation and the nature of neotectonies and so on.
  • A DISCUSSION ON THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF MOUNTAIN PRECIPITATION WITH VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION
    Jiang Zhongxin
    1988, 7(1): 73-78. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj1988010010
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    This paper discusses by using two examples the calculating question of professor Fu Baopu's experimental formula for Mountain precipitation and points out that the improvement of the calculating method for this formula suggested by yan Yuhua and Lai Hongnian which was published on Geographical research 6(1) has a lot of questions. Between the calculating result of Fu's formula and the practical material of the two examples, there appear more differentiations.
  • RECENT PROGRESS OF REGIONAL HYDROLOGY OF CHINA
    Tang Qicheng, Zhou Chenghu
    1988, 7(1): 79-85. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj1988010011
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    Region is the base of regional hydrological researches. The vagion can be either functional area or physical land-scape area or administrative area.In recent years,the researches on the hydrological elements have been emphasized on the following aspects:1. Time series analysis of runoff including annual distribution and intereannual variability. The methods such as uneven coefficient, concentration degree and concentration period, two-stage-sequent method, etc.have been developed in studying annual distribution.The index c which indicates interannual variability has got improved to be multivariable analysis, and sepuent optimal dividing method has been used to study long time series of run-off.2. Spatial distribution of runoff. Besides contour method, statistical methods of multivariable have been adopted.3. Low runoff. Gumbel curve is also used as theoreical probapility curve to calculate the frequency of low runoff, and time series analysis method has been used to calculate and predict low runoff.4. Solid discharge. We have made preliminary.researches on the runoff and sediment to he sea and their effecton the sea coast.5. The theories of runoff formation. The concept "land-scape runoff forming" has been developed. The general formula of R-V geomorphic unit hy-drograph has also been derived.As regards river type and hydrologic zonality, some papers have adopted clustering analysis to research river type in many places, and fuzzy cluster and principal component analysis are used.Particular zone researches includes:1. Hydrological researches of particular landscape zone. Much work has been done to study arid land and Karst zone.2. Hydrological researches of functional zone. Much researches onurban hyarology and the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain have been made. Other zonal studies such as of lake, glacier, swamp, estuary have been made.Although we have made much progress in regional hydrology research, the developing speed is relatively slow. From now on we should give more emphases on the researches about new theories, new methods, new techniques and their application, speed up hydrological study of arid land and karst zones, and found a database, and develop global and country wide hydrological researches.
  • AREVIEW OF EVAPORATION STUDY IN THE WORLD
    Zuo Dakang, Qin Wenhan
    1988, 7(1): 86-94. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj1988010012
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    The achievement in the field of evaporation calculation in the world during last two decades is reviewed. The micrometeorological methods for calculating evaporation which are divided into three classes (traditional, simula ting and remote sensing method) according to the physical machanism they are based on, are summarized and discussed, and prespect is presented.In spite of itsfaults(evidently in the case where ground surface is rough and unhomogeneous) the traditional method is still the routine one of calcula ting evaporation owing to its simqlicity and practicality. On the contrary, the simodelling way, though precise, is far from rontine at present because of its complexity and intricatecacy. But it can theoretically offer ways to establish the new model and modify the traditional method.The remote sensing method is in the developing stages. Although many problems remain to be solved, it is much useful for practice and looks very promising because it can provide regional evaporation information.During the 1980s, with improvement of exqerimental facilities the work in terms of calculating turbulent fluxes (Which include evaporalion) by use of both numerical model describing the turbulent exchange processes between vegeta tion (or bare soil) andatmosphere and remote multisqectral and multi-phasic data is more and more increasing. That is also two promising ways to calculate evaporation more accurately in future.