本文对黄土高原南部晚更新世黄土地层作了详细划分。根据武功、洛川黄土剖面的地层结构、地球化学和孢粉分析，确定了形成的黄土荒漠草原和干草原寒冷干旱环境，形成的古土壤落叶阔叶林或森林草原温暖湿润环境。阐明晚更新世黄土高原南部有六个土壤、植被和气候演化阶段，并将其归纳为约四万年为周期的三个暖湿-冷干气候变化旋回，与地层剖面上交替出现的三层古土壤与三层黄土相对应。通过与我国东部和北半球各地不同类型古气候记录的对比，证明黄土高原南部晚更新世黄土记录的气候变化规律在北半球具有普遍性。

中国1:100万地貌图编制研究任务，来源于“六五”国家科学发展规划的重点项目--农业自然条件、自然资源和农业区划研究和自然科学地学规划水土资源和土地合理利用的基础研究。

土地是人类生活和生产活动赖以进行的空间，是农业生产、工矿业开发、城市及交通建设等生产门类和社会活动的基本资料。土地对于人类来说，历来似乎是取之不尽、用之不竭的资源。

本文对北京地区土壤背景值图的编制进行了全面、系统的总结。编制土壤背景值图的基础资料有302个样点的无素测定值和运用计算机制图和因素分析法揭露的元素区域分布规律。土壤背景值图是采用分级统计图的形式。其制图单元：山区以母岩，平原地区以成土母质类型和土壤质地作为划分依据；背景值的数量分级采用显着性检验分级法。

本文根据地学原理，建立了长江口泥沙的来源分析与数量计算的模式。定量分析了长江口泥沙来源，计算了泥沙的数量。通过验证表明沙量的计算值与验证值两者十分吻合。

本文从黄土高原实际情况出发，在广泛的野外考察基础上，收集了面积在0.193-329km²的58个小流域（包括21个变量）的系列数据。通过分析筛选，建立了流域地表综合特性指标： I=（R_h^0.6·D_h^0.2·R_p^-0.8·R_s^-3.5及宏观的产沙数学模型： M_sa/M_v=31.829·I^0.83为黄土高原的侵蚀分区及流域的综合开发与冶理提供了背景信息。

为适应苏州水网水污染综合防治规划时进行水质预测的需要，本文提出苏州水网的非稳态系列水质模型，包括（1）网块水质模型，用于预测苏州网块水体水质年内（季节）变化；（2）分段水质模型，用于预测苏州城河逐段水质空间变化；（3）河网水质模型，用于预测苏州城河任一段面昼夜（逐时）水质变化。这些模型经过验证，获得满意的结果，并作了苏州水网的水质模拟和预测。

本文从理论上阐述了工业区的函义，它的形成与发展。将工业区分为三个等级类型：（1）一级工业区（大工业地带）;（2）二级工业区（基本工业区）;（3）三级工业区（基层工业区）,并概述了各类工业区的结构特征及上下级工业区的有机联系。

本文以南通县为典型，研究了近年来我国经济较发达地区农村产业结构变化趋势、农村产业结构类型的形成、劳动力的产业转移和空间转移以及县域城镇化发展，分析了当前存在的问题并提出相应的看法。

珠海在坚持以工业为主的同时，不能忽视创汇农业及其深度加工业的发展，旅游业在特区经济中仍占有十分重要的地位。加强与澳门的全面经济协作，建设共同使用的供水、供电、供气、机场、深水港、高速公路、铁路等基础设施，并进一步合作开发地处珠澳边境的湾仔，符合双方利益，有利于互相促进、共同繁荣。珠海特区可考虑易名为中山特区。

先秦时期黄河下游存在的两大分流，各在其下游段形成九河分流系统，即冀州九河与兖州九河。《尔雅》所释九河，实属兖州九河即《汉志》河下游分流水系，在今高唐、黄骅、利津之间。《禹贡》河所播冀州九河，在今深县、黄骅、天津、容城之间。古白洋淀消亡的关键因素是《禹贡》河泥沙的长期堆积，其消亡过程即为《禹贡》河九河的发育过程。

综合土地单元图是计算机制图与地理分析的重要基础之一。本文以我国云南省腾冲地区为例，着重介绍综合土地单元图的编制及编码技术。

现在有些地图有这样的要求，即在一幅地图中，投影中心附近比例尺应较大，边缘部分可以较小，甚至相差几倍，以能详细地显示投影中心附近的地物。为了解决这个问题，曾有人拟定了辐射一变比例尺投影，即自投影中心向四周辐射以显示其变化。本文在说明了辐射一变比例尺投影的基础上，阐明了多焦点投影，其投影中心有若干个，各间其四周辐射，这就能更好地显示各地地物的变化。

本文提出了计算复杂地形下的散射辐射的一个非各向同性模式。计算值与观测值相比，误差较小。 模式中的两个参数不受地形的影响，仅与光线经过的大气中的散射物质含量有关，具有比较好的稳定性。利用这个模式，不但可以计算不同遮蔽下不同坡度、坡面的散射辐射，而且可根据短期考察进行资料延长，最后根据实测资料找到了两个参数与大气透明度、太阳高度和云量之间的关系，并且发现这个关系不依赖于所用资料的区域，适用面较广。因此，只要根据台站资料，就可以直接把本文的模式用于城市采光、太阳能资源和气候资源的计算中。

区域开发整治中的政策研究主要包括对现行政策进行效果评价和影响分析，并预测其对区域开发整治可能产生的积极和消极作用，从而为现行政策修正以及新政策的制定提供依据，供决策机构参考。区域开发整治政策具有地方性、阶段性和稳定性特征。地理学在区域开发整治中重点研究的应是自然、经济和社会相互联结的综合性政策问题，主要有资源利用政策、环境保护政策、生产布局政策以及城市发展政策等等。

地理信息系统作为新兴的高技术系统，已经应用于整个空间信息的处理领域。本文将在分析现有系统应用水平和存在问题的基础上，着重讨论了六个方面值得重视的研究课题。

本文论述了历史上北京城市场的发展变迁，运用中地论于历史地理学的研究，分析了历代北京城市场空间分布的中心地结构的形成演变及影响市场区位的主要因素。

本文从经济辐射的功能作用出发，详细研究厦门特区经济辐射的区位优势，着重分析城市发展过程中的内外辐射流的动态与引力作用，并根据综合分析研究厦门市辐射流的发展趋势，为地方政府领导决策服务。

流水动力地貌是地表水流运动过程与地球表层物质相互作用的产物，具有显着的环境效应。流水动力地貌学是界于流水动力学、泥沙力学及流水地貌学之间的新兴的富有生命力的边缘科学。运用基于牛顿力学相似论及系统论异构同功原理的物理模型可以有效地研究流水动力地貌特征、成因机制及作用过程。数学模拟与物理模型相互印证，开辟了一条富有发展前景的流水动力地貌研究途径。

潮流冲刷槽是河口湾中重要的地貌类型。杭州湾是一个强潮海湾，它的北部在潮流作用下形成的冲刷槽具有典型性。本文通过动力、地貌和沉积相结合方法，在冲刷槽几何形态和动态特征分析基础上，论证了冲刷槽水流结构和泥沙输移，并指出冲刷槽在潮流作用下，纵向延伸和垂向增深较小，处于基本稳定状态，为港口建设提供依据。

中心地理论提供了研究城镇体系的空间布局和等级结构的方法，对农村地区集镇体系研究更具有指导意义。本文以中心地理论为基础，对江苏省赣榆县和灌云县集镇体系的基本结构、形成机制及现伏集镇体系的不合理性进行了分析，并提出了二县集镇体系布局的优化设计。

通过地区煤炭与水资源、地理位置与交通运输、资源组合与调配等条件的系统分析和综合平衡，确定煤、电、冶、建和化等部门为长治-焦作地域工业综合体的主导工业方向；利用重点企业项目、专业化工业部门及综合经济发展之间的数量关系--投入产出控制模型，构造综合体的结构，继尔将其分为三个阶段、四个地域单元进行时序安排和空间部署。

文章从辽东半岛南部石英岩板岩区地下水富水不均的特点出发，论述了基岩地下水富集规律：贮存在蓄水构造中，汇集在集水网络里，运移富集在充水脉络交接、结点处。进一步对水文物探各类富水曲线进行了分类，概括富水异常特征。结合多年实际勘测成果，论证了依据“结点异常”确定富水点位。

本文把沙波推移率公式g_s=αγ‘h_sw_s改进为g_s=0.56γ'A/Δt,使沙波推移率计算更为简便和精确。提出在单宽流量一致时，沙波上游波面推移率分布可用g_s=φγ'A/Δt来表达。对上述公式的验证和应用及推移率计算等方面皆作了论述。

作者通过一年的定位实验研究，初步阐明了衡山自然保护区森林土壤中动物群落的基本状况。共获得土壤动物30类，隶属于4门11纲，其中弹尾类、蝉螨类和线虫类为优势类群，占全部土壤动物捕获量的92.88%;平均土壤动物密度为67.27万个/m³;地带性常绿林下发育的黄棕壤中土壤动物密度高达100.47万个/m³,其次为针阔混交林和针叶林；土壤动物主要分布于森林凋落物层和土壤的腐殖质层中，向下急剧减少；在山地土壤垂直带上，土壤动物随海拔高度而变化。

曹娥江上游地区，由于受自然条件和人类活动的影响，导致严重的水土流失，成为浙江省水土流失最为严重的河流。水土流失破坏了生态平衡，威胁着流域内人民的生产和生活安全，极需治理。

密西西比河三角洲平原最近陆地消失达100km²/a以上，且逐年增加。其原因主要是各种人类活动所造成的：（1）密西西比河上中游节节筑坝，并进行水土保持，使该河年悬移质输沙量从1953-1970年约4亿吨，减为1970-1978年的2.17亿吨，现在由密西西比河直接输入海中的泥沙仅有1.6亿吨；（2）在河口西南水道修筑了长导堤，使密西西比河入海泥沙进入较深海区；（3）沿河筑堤，阻止了泛溢、分汊等自然的河流作用，因而使沼泽地的河流泥沙供给来源断绝；（4）油气工业开挖的许多运河使海水入浸增加，导致半咸水沼泽衰亡。

本文根据国内外在地理信息系统方面的进展，就地理信息系统的科学概念、基本构成和它的以下一些发展趋势作了讨论：（1）地理信息系统是构成地理学日臻完善的技术体系的重要部分；（2）空间分析功能是系统研究和应用的主要目标；（3）系统最重要的技术问题是管理和存储大量空间数据的数据结构；（4）综合性的发展特色日益明显；（5）标准化和智能型的发展方向已引起关注。

本文应用系统分析的理论和方法，建立了浦城县地理信息系统，分析了信息系统的结构、功能及信息管理过程，并在系统的支持下对浦城县农业发展战略进行决策研究，提出了一系列分析意见，开辟了地理信息系统应用的新领域。

本文回顾了400年来对徐霞客及其游记研究的五个阶段：近代启蒙地理学探索；对散失游记重新搜集整理；用近代的理论与方法进行研究；放到资本主义经济萌芽背景上进行研究；近年来全面综合的研究。评价了各阶段主要研究者的重要贡献。展望了今后开拓的新领域，再现当时的地理环境，找出其中演化趋势；并阐述了发掘徐霞客精神的重要意义。

“分水岭迁移和河流袭夺” 理论存在许多错误。分水岭的发展是有方向的，它的移动方向决定于两侧内外营力总作用程度的对比。只是河流溯源侵蚀不能切穿分水岭。河流兼并可能是由高位河向下跨流域改道而成。

<正>1986年8月笔者在海岸地震调查时在福建省惠安县净峰乡赤土尾村海岸潮间带后滨发现有长达60余米，宽20余米，厚30cm的泥炭层，部分为砂土所埋，下部为混合花岗岩风化残积层，风暴潮时泥炭层全为海水所淹。

Reginnal structure is defined here as the spatial combination of the natural, ecological,economic and social structures of a region. It can be divided into some subsystems. Sinceterritorial plannings are usually made in certain regions, the study of regional structure beco-mes an important theoretical work for geographers to do in territorial planning.The study of regional structure should be concentrated in:1. The characters of regional structure. Comprehensive analysis and generalization fromquality to quantiiy.2. The mechanism of regional structural changes. Under the conditions without outerinfluences or with strong outer influences from macro-en-vironment.3. The openness of regional structure. Orderly relations existing among relevant regionswith open unbalanced structure.4. The development stages of regional structure. division in time and space.5. The rationality of regional structure. From five aspects.The study of regional structure can help us to understand the function and differences ofregiona and give scientific basis for defining the utilization dircction of territorial resources,determining the scale and direction of economic development as well as the adjustment of mac-ro-distribution, and planning the industrial structure in accordance with economic performingmechanism a and urban systems.

The paper deals with the economic dcvelopment of less developed provinces of China fromthe angle of economic geography and mesoeconomics. The basic clue is to strive for coordi-nation iri developmental process between the provinces and the country, and between the de-veloped provinces and less developed provinces, as the shortage of close and justice conne-xion is the main problem to be solved for the less, developed provinces. Coordination comesfrom suitable external environment endowed by the nation and developed provinces and strongdeveloping capacity boost interior less developed provinces. The basic lneans is to adjust theeconomic structure and spatial structure.The spatial structure of external environment means to select rational territorial processof national economic derelopment. The countermeasure suggested is the strategy of typologicdistrict that asks to develop the major industries of national economy according to the typo-logic districts and make different types of typologic districts integrated entirely in a province.The economic structurc of external environment means to adjust the pattern of specializedproduction. Trans-provincial division of basic production series of the same industrial sectorshould be avoided when the division occurs among industrial sectors and so is the gradationaldivision of technology when the division occurs in industrial sector.The spatial adjustment in less developed provinces should establish a growth pole systemthat can simultaneously connext conveniently with economic centers of the country and stimu-lat the development of vast areas. The biggest city at the top and the rural market place atthe bottom should be given prominence. The adjustment of economic structure should expandthe regional innefr-circulation of economic activities.

The city-region planning is neither an urban nor a rural one alone but a comprehensiveplanning concerned with both center and periphery inside a municipal area smaller citics. Thisarticle is responded to the requirement of territorial and urban planning work advanccd bythe central and local governments. The authors try to estabish the basic theme and generalprocedure of this planing work and select Zhucheng county-grade municipality as an empiri-can scheme.The first section of the paper analyses the geographical location and economic hinter-land of Zhucheng from the viewpoints of economic geography.

The formation and laws of motion of debris flow are studied experimentally, by allowingmud, with different concentrations and at different discharges, to flow in a chute piled withgravels, and observing the motion of the gravels and flow of mud, as well as interaction ofthem.

Considering the characteristics of shortage and very uneven distribution of water resour-ces in China, a comprehensive analysis on the relationship between water pollution and econo-mic development, and the trend of regional difference of water pollution and its variation hasbeen carried out. It shows that water pollution has been synchronously increasing with theexpansion of population, urbanization, industrial-agricultural output, and the pollution hasbeen extending from urban to rural areas. Though water resources are richer in SoutheastChina, yet economic development is faster there, thus, the major trend of water pollution, inchina is rather serious, especially Beijing and shanghai.In order to control pollution effectively, and improve environmental quality and produc-tion development, the followings are suggested.1. properly utilizing the environmental Self-purification function by overally planningand rational allocation of industrial structure;2. reducing discharge of pollutants as much as possible by reforming production processand comprehensive utilization of resources;3. Preventing sewage from entering water source by land treatment systems;4. strengthening environmental management by administrative and economic measures.

On the basis of the study about the regional geological and geonlorphological back-ground of the Huanghuaihai plain, this paper emphatically treats with the geomorphic struc-tural features of the plain. Abiding with the principles of morphogenesis, a multigrade classi-fication of landforms. combined with consideration of their hydrogeological properties is pre-sented. The authors classify the landform of this region into 3-4 grades of types (Tab.1). Among them, when no Holocene deposits are found, a break in accumulation would beconsidered as under denudation. The authors also describe the material constituent and sedi-mentary structures of landforms within the depth of 0-4 m, and correlate their distributionwith the surface geomorphic forms. The authors also demonstrate that the distribution of shal-low-buried geomorphic-geological bodies within the depth of 0-3 m has a clear relationship ofinheritance for the surface geomorphic features.At the end, the authors discuss the rule of geomorphological development and evolutionof the plain, and consider that the framework of the plain has been basically formed sinceMiocene; the landforms of the plain in Late Pdeistocene had considerably changed by com-parison to that of Early-Middle Pleistocene; and that today’s landform has been taking shapesince the end of Late Pleistocene or so, which is the consequence of the development and evo-lution of the plain, obeying the rule of flowing-water geomorphologic action under the regionalstructural contral. The river diversion is the main factor of forming the geomorphic struc-ture in the plain. Among the rivers, the Yellow River was formed approximately in the earlystage of Middle Pleistocene or a little later the Huaihe River, Was formed at the end of theLate Pleistlcene and the Haihe River, in the middle-late Holocene.

Chinese goverment decided to levy a tax on the land users according to land qhality lastyear. This is an important reform on the system of Chinese urban landuse. In this paper,the authors attempt to look into some theories and methods about econornic evaluation of urbanland.There are two ways of evaluating urban land. One is to classify urban land based onthe differences of rent level, of which main problem is that it seems impossible to get all ne-cessary data of rent in the city built-up area. The other is to appear land value by a seriesof factors such as land location, infrastructure, environmental quality, physical condition etc.This factors reflect the characters of urban land from economic, social, as well as environ-mental aspect and their evaluations an cover the whole city. Comparing these two methods,the second one, multifactor urban land evaluation have more advantages, and can be used asa main way.Among the many factors which affect the land value, location is the most important one.For the land value reglects rent level, and the different rent reflects in turn the variation oflocation. A good urban land location means first high acccssibility, that is, less travel timeand transport cost; Secondly, some activities such as commerce, trade and services can bene-fit from agglomeration. In This paper, the authors put forward an evaluation systern whichconsists of 4 main factors and 22 sub-factorsj.The nain steps of economic evaluation of urban land by these factors are as follows: (1)Choose the evaluating factors based on different situation; (2) Determine the evaluating ranksand standard of evaluating factor for each rank; (3) Give a weight to the factors accordingto their importance; (4) Decide the size of evaluating cells in accordance with some princi-ples; (2) Develop a model of evaluation and calculate the evaluating value of every cell; (6)Grade urban land into several ranks and (7) Draw the evaluation map of urban land. The method mentioned above was applied in the study of urban land evaluation in Jiningcity, Shandong province in 1988, and the results turned out to be a success.