中国环境规制、地理区位与企业生产率增长

doi:10.11821/dlxb201510004

Abstract

Abstract:

The impact of environmental regulations on firms' productivities is a hot topic at present, but little attention has been paid to the geographic location aspect. As the literature show two kinds of theories named "Cost hypothesis" and "Porter hypothesis" according to the impact of environmental regulations on firms' productivities, this paper empirically analyzes the influences of spatial difference and interdependence of environmental regulations on firms' productivity based geographic data and micro-firm-level data for the period of 2004-2007. Our results show that spatial difference of environmental regulations has a significant impact on firms' total factor productivity with an inverted U-shaped relationship. That is to say, appropriate intensity of environmental regulations could promote firms' productivities, but if the environmental regulations are too intensive, firms' productivity might decrease. The effect of spatial correlation of environmental regulation is significant. The environmental regulation of neighborhoods can promote the productivity of firms in native city. Environmental regulation has a significant impact on the firms with high efficiency, but no significant influence on firms with low efficiency. Besides, the impact of environmental regulation on productivity of pollution-intensive firms is variant according to geographic location. The promotion of environmental regulation on firms' productivity is stronger in the eastern region than in the central and western regions. Our research suggests different mechanisms for the Cost hypothesis and Porter hypothesis in the context of geographic location. The governments shall make different regulations in different parts of the country instead of one policy.

Key words: environmental regulation, geographic location, firms' productivity, Porter hypothesis, China

Zhiji HUANG, Canfei HE, Fan YANG, Yi ZHOU. Environmental regulation, geographic location and growth of firms' productivity in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(10): 1581-1605.

Figures/Tables 5

Tab. 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

References 28

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变量种类	变量名	变量含义	年份
因变量	TFP	企业全要素生产率	2004-2007
自变量	ER	环境规制强度综合指数	2003-2006
自变量	WER	邻近城市环境规制强度综合指数	2003-2006
控制变量	Age	企业生存年数	2004-2007
	Size	企业全部从业人员数	2004-2007
	Loan	企业是否有贷款	2004-2007
	Owner	企业所有制虚拟变量	2004-2007
	Market	城市全社会消费品零售总额	2004-2007
	Human	城市每千人拥有的高等教育在校人数	2004-2007
	Indus	城市工业增加值占GDP比重	2004-2007
	Exter	城市单位面积制造业工人总数	2004-2007
	Year dummy	年份虚拟变量	2004-2007
	Industry dummy	产业类型虚拟变量	2004-2007

	OLS回归		分位回归
	OLS回归		0.1	0.1	0.5	0.5	0.9	0.9
	（1）	（2）	（3）	（4）	（5）	（6）	（7）	（8）
ER	0.00885^***	0.0249^***	-0.000509	0.0163^***	0.00770^***	0.0178^***	0.0274^***	0.0469^***
WER	0.00216^***	0.00635^***	0.00252^***	0.0108^***	0.00221^***	0.00653^***	0.00220^***	0.00222^**
ER^2		-0.000563^***		-0.000630^***		-0.000393^***		-0.000792^***
WER^2		-0.000128^***		-0.000220^***		-0.000115^***		-0.0000444^**
Age	0.00266^***	0.00264^***	0.00412^***	0.00397^***	0.00374^***	0.00369^***	0.00162^***	0.00174^***
Size	-0.808^**	-0.676^*	0.126^***	0.138^***	0.0314	0.0316	-0.336^***	-0.337^***
Loan	0.0168^***	0.0156^***	0.0598^***	0.0565^***	0.0321^***	0.0292^***	-0.0479^***	-0.0459^***
Market	-0.0770^***	-0.132^***	-0.0149^*	-0.0914^***	-0.0691^***	-0.110^***	-0.118^***	-0.163^***
Human	0.00442^***	0.00511^***	0.00115^***	0.00238^***	0.00381^***	0.00437^***	0.00707^***	0.00743^***
Indus	0.000851^***	0.000314	0.00222^***	0.00143^***	0.000983^***	0.000328	-0.000999^***	-0.00135^***
Exter	-10.56	237.2^***	116.4^***	516.9^***	-17.21	196.8^***	-214.9^***	-29.49
Owner	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
Year	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
Industry	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
Constant	3.287^***	3.225^***	1.975^***	1.879^***	3.227^***	3.192^***	4.559^***	4.499^***
N	184804	184804	184804	184804	184804	184804	184804	184804
R²	0.156	0.158	0.107	0.109	0.088	0.089	0.075	0.076

	东部		中部		西部
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
ER	0.00791^***	0.0270^***	0.00321	0.0734^***	-0.0196^***	0.00804
WER	0.000840^***	0.00296^***	0.00769^***	0.0209^***	-0.00130	0.00836^*
ER^2		-0.000586^***		-0.0106^***		-0.00461^**
WER^2		-0.0000705^***		-0.000715^***		-0.000446^**
Age	0.00205^***	0.00200^***	0.00457^**	0.00458^**	0.00337^***	0.00332^***
Size	0.108^*	0.118^**	-0.500^***	-0.496^***	-0.0280	-0.00247
Loan	0.0183^***	0.0182^***	0.00152	0.000699	-0.0276^*	-0.0299^**
Market	-0.0729^***	-0.119^***	0.272^***	0.184^***	0.0849^**	0.0682^*
Human	0.00420^***	0.00455^***	-0.00491^***	-0.00410^***	-0.00565^***	-0.00539^***
Indus	0.00117^***	0.000756^***	-0.00249^***	-0.00255^***	-0.0000280	-0.000128
Exter	-12.96	164.1^***	10095.9^***	9399.4^***	8374.3^***	7968.2^***
Owner	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
Year	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
Industry	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
Constant	3.318^***	3.249^***	3.205^***	3.097^***	3.256^***	3.212^***
N	117892	117892	46737	46737	20175	20175
R²	0.155	0.156	0.187	0.188	0.170	0.170

Environmental regulation, geographic location and growth of firms' productivity in China

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