近50年来祁连山冰川变化——基于中国第一、二次冰川编目数据

doi:10.11821/dlxb201509004

Abstract

Abstract:

According to the Second Chinese Glacier Inventory (SCGI) that were mostly compiled based on Landsat TM/ETM+images, the Qilian Mountains contained 2684 glaciers covering an area of 1597.81±70.30βkm² and ice volume of ~84.48βkm³ from 2005 to 2010. While most glaciers are small (85.66% are smaller than 1.0βkm²), some larger ones (12.74%, with each having 1.0 and 5.0βkm²) cover 42.44% of the total glacier area. The Laohugou No.12 Glacier (20.42βkm²) located on the north slope of the Daxue Range is the only one larger than 20 km² in the Qilian Mountains. The average median altitude of glacier was 4972.7βm a.s.l. and gradually rose from east to west. Glaciers in the Qilian Mountains are mostly distributed in Gansu and Qinghai provinces, which have 1492 glaciers (760.96βkm²) and 1192 glaciers (836.85βkm²), respectively. In 11 watersheds, the Shule River contains most of the glaciers in either area or volume. However, the Heihe River, the second longest interior river in China, has the minimum average area of glacier. Comparison of glaciers from the SCGI and the revised glacier inventory based on topographic maps and aerial photos taken from 1956 to 1983 indicated that all the glaciers in the Qilian Mountains were receding, which is consistent with other mountains and plateaus in western China. In the past half century, the area and volume of glaciers decreased by 420.81βkm² (-20.88%) and 21.63βkm³ (-20.26%), respectively. The glaciers which are smaller than 1.0βkm² constituted the main body of glacier number depression and area recession. Due to shrinkage, the glaciers below 4000βm a.s.l. completely disappeared.

Key words: glacier, glacier inventory, glacier volume, climate change, Qilian Mountains

Meiping SUN, Shiyin LIU, Xiaojun YAO, Wanqin GUO, Junli XU. Glacier changes in the Qilian Mountains in the past half century: Based on the revised First and Second Chinese Glacier Inventory[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(9): 1402-1414.

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三级流域(编码)	四级流域(编码)	冰川数量			冰川面积			冰储量*
三级流域(编码)	四级流域(编码)	(条)		(%)		(km²)	(%)	(km³)	(%)
大通河(5J4)	大通河(5J42)	68	2.53		20.83	1.30		0.73	0.86
河西内流水系 (5Y4)	石羊河(5Y41)	97	3.61		39.94	2.50		1.55	1.83
	黑河(5Y42)	375	13.97		78.33			4.90	2.39	2.83
	北大河(5Y43)	577	21.50	215.27		13.47	8.75		10.36
	疏勒河(5Y44)	660	24.59	509.87		31.91	29.66		35.11
	党河(5Y45)	318	11.85	203.77		12.75	10.08		11.93
	合计	2027	75.52	1047.18		65.54	52.43		62.07
柴达木内流水系 (5Y5)	布哈河—青海湖(5Y51)	24	0.89	10.27	0.64	0.42	0.50
	哈尔腾河(5Y56)	268	9.99	283.52		17.74	17.58		20.81
	哈拉湖(5Y57)	108	4.02	78.73		4.93	4.56		5.40
	鱼卡河—塔塔棱河(5Y58)	179	6.67	155.08		9.71	8.69		10.29
	巴音郭勒河(5Y59)	10	0.37	2.20		0.14	0.06		0.07
	合计	589	21.94	529.8		33.16	31.31		37.07

省	市(自治州)	冰川数量			冰川面积			冰储量
省	市(自治州)	(条)		(%)		(km²)	(%)	(km²)	(%)
甘肃	酒泉	718	26.75		508.99	31.86		28.17	33.35
	张掖	739	27.53		245.65	15.37		9.60	11.36
	武威	35	1.31		6.32	0.40		0.17	0.20
	合计	1492	55.59		760.96	47.63		37.94	44.91
青海	海西	825	30.74		729.79	45.67		42.79	50.65
	海北	367	13.67	107.06		6.70	3.75		4.44
	合计	1192	44.41	836.85		52.37	46.54		55.09

第一次冰川编目冰储量(km³)	第二次冰川编目冰储量(km³)	冰川储量变化			冰川冰储量估算经验公式	公式出处
第一次冰川编目冰储量(km³)	第二次冰川编目冰储量(km³)	km³			km³/10 a	%/10 a
101.90	81.30	-20.60	-5.12	-5.65	V=0.0365A^1.375	Radić和Hock^[27]
109.86	87.52	-22.34	-5.56	-5.69	V=0.0433A^1.29	Grinsted^[31]
108.44	86.49	-21.95	-5.46	-5.66	V=0.04A^1.35	Liu等^[32]

Glacier changes in the Qilian Mountains in the past half century: Based on the revised First and Second Chinese Glacier Inventory

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