地理学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 77 ›› Issue (2): 492-504.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202202015
• 城乡发展与文化地理 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2020-08-13
修回日期:
2021-08-17
出版日期:
2022-02-25
发布日期:
2022-04-25
通讯作者:
朱竑(1968-), 男, 甘肃临夏人, 教授, 博士生导师, 研究方向为社会文化地理。E-mail: zhuhong@gzhu.edu.cn作者简介:
魏雷(1985-), 女, 甘肃白银人, 讲师, 硕士生导师, 研究方向为社会文化地理和旅游地理。E-mail: lyweilei@gzhu.edu.cn
基金资助:
Received:
2020-08-13
Revised:
2021-08-17
Published:
2022-02-25
Online:
2022-04-25
Supported by:
摘要:
非物质文化遗产不仅是来源于过去的特定区域的传统实践,更是生成于全球化体系中面向未来的现代文化政治和文化经济过程。因此,本文尝试以跨地方性理论为切入点,架构非遗的形成、运作和认同的社会—空间过程,在此基础上使用跨地方聚合的思想重新概念化非遗实践,将其解读为多元主体权力关系中介下,由跨地方异质性要素聚合而成的不稳定的开放系统,以区别于固有对非遗实践“稳定”“以人为中心”和“边界化”的认知。通过分析云南鹤庆银器锻制技艺和摩梭纺织技艺两个案例来呈现非遗实践作为跨地方聚合的过程及特性,以及非遗传承和保护由此所面对的机遇和挑战,呼吁在重视非遗服务于乡村振兴等发展战略的潜力时,要进一步认识非遗实践的跨地方性对本土社区的影响,反思遗产原真性和文化价值与当前非遗实践的关系,强调在非遗全球化生产和消费中保持其与本土认同和本土生计之间的关联。
魏雷, 朱竑. 地理学视角下非物质文化遗产的跨地方实践[J]. 地理学报, 2022, 77(2): 492-504.
WEI Lei, ZHU Hong. The translocal practices of intangible cultural heritage in the perspective of geography[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022, 77(2): 492-504.
表1
非遗实践中的流动、交换与循环
形式 | 表现 |
---|---|
旅游利用中的冲突 | 根据旅游观光产业的需要,在本土和异地重新生产出非遗景观和非遗的表演空间。非遗的内涵、价值和表现形式由政府、商业资本、游客和本土社区多利益主体协商而成,利益的分配也常常充满争议。 |
非遗的空间移置 | 不同主体在本土之外的地方创建非遗展示、生产和消费的文化空间,非遗作为经济和文化资源,与本土之间的关系变得松散。 |
生产过程多地方整合 | 非遗的生产越来越依靠来自不同地方的劳动力、资金、理念、技术、原材料和市场,本土只承担了非遗生产中的特定环节,常常处于价值链较低端。 |
实践者的迁移和再地化 | 本地移民会带着非遗的技能、知识和理念等迁移,并在迁入地再地化,生产出新的非遗空间,通过移民的非遗实践,迁入地和迁出地之间发生连结。 |
遗产价值的尺度转换 | 非遗的价值被本土之外不同尺度的机构重新书写和认定,价值赋予的过程是本土和区域、国家、全球互动的过程。 |
非遗空间的虚拟化 | 网上博物馆、电子数据库和电子商务等非遗数字化的呈现方式,使非遗空间超越了物质时空和地点,这给本土社区提供了机遇,但也带来了威胁。 |
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[1] | 陶伟, 蔡浩辉, 高雨欣, 张楚婧, 江映珍. 身体地理学视角下非物质文化遗产的传承与实践[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(10): 2256-2268. |