地理学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 77 ›› Issue (1): 182-195.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202201013
收稿日期:
2020-12-18
修回日期:
2021-10-06
出版日期:
2022-01-25
发布日期:
2022-03-25
通讯作者:
邵全琴(1962-), 女, 江苏常州人, 研究员, 博导, 研究方向为GIS应用与生态信息。E-mail: shaoqq@igsnrr.ac.cn作者简介:
牛丽楠(1996-), 女, 内蒙古赤峰人, 博士生, 研究方向为地理信息系统应用。E-mail: niuln.18b@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
NIU Linan1,2(), SHAO Quanqin1,2(
), NING Jia1, HUANG Haibo1
Received:
2020-12-18
Revised:
2021-10-06
Published:
2022-01-25
Online:
2022-03-25
Supported by:
摘要:
西部大开发战略实施20年以来,一系列重大生态建设工程使得西部地区的生态状况和生态服务发生了重要变化,本文分析西部地区生态状况变化及其生态服务时空变化特征,并运用相关分析法研究其服务功能权衡协同关系。研究发现西部地区2000—2019年间:① 聚落和湿地生态系统面积显著增加,草地有逐年下降趋势。② 植被覆盖度呈波动上升趋势,存在年际差异且空间差异较大。③ 水源涵养服务有轻微下降趋势,下降区域主要分布在藏东南地区、三江源西部地区、喀斯特石漠化地区等;土壤保持服务波动中呈上升趋势,上升区域主要黄土高原地区、川滇西部地区、藏西北地区、藏东南地区等;防风固沙服务呈下降趋势,大幅下降区域主要位于内蒙古中西部地区、西藏和北疆部分地区。④ 生态系统供给与水源涵养、土壤保持主要为协同关系,与防风固沙主要为权衡关系且分布在农牧交错带地区。⑤ 生态工程区内生态系统服务协同程度大于非工程区。定量评估生态系统服务变化及其权衡协同关系有助于进行科学化生态管理,最大化生态效益。
牛丽楠, 邵全琴, 宁佳, 黄海波. 西部地区生态状况变化及生态系统服务权衡与协同[J]. 地理学报, 2022, 77(1): 182-195.
NIU Linan, SHAO Quanqin, NING Jia, HUANG Haibo. Ecological changes and the tradeoff and synergy of ecosystem services in western China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022, 77(1): 182-195.
表1
2000—2015年陆地生态系统宏观结构面积统计(万km2)
陆地生态系统类型 | 2000年 | 2005年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | 2000—2015年变化面积 | 变化率(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
农田生态系统 | 66.38 | 67.86 | 68.20 | 70.19 | 3.81 | 5.74 |
森林生态系统 | 112.97 | 116.10 | 115.78 | 115.57 | 2.6 | 2.30 |
草地生态系统 | 281.18 | 272.65 | 266.45 | 245.76 | -35.42 | -12.60 |
水体与湿地生态系统 | 19.06 | 21.22 | 19.78 | 26.44 | 7.38 | 38.72 |
聚落生态系统 | 1.37 | 1.57 | 2.12 | 5.76 | 4.39 | 320.43 |
荒漠生态系统 | 127.63 | 128.36 | 127.59 | 128.68 | 1.05 | 0.82 |
其他生态系统 | 63.15 | 63.08 | 72.15 | 75.65 | 12.5 | 19.79 |
表2
2000—2015年陆地生态系统类型变化(万km2)
2000年 | 2015年 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
农田 | 森林 | 草地 | 水体与湿地 | 聚落 | 荒漠 | 其他 | |
农田 | 47.74 | 5.83 | 8.38 | 1.09 | 2.98 | 0.26 | 0.09 |
森林 | 8.35 | 89.31 | 12.69 | 1.53 | 0.31 | 0.27 | 0.42 |
草地 | 11.74 | 18.17 | 194.60 | 8.84 | 1.02 | 21.15 | 25.61 |
水体与湿地 | 0.52 | 0.32 | 2.62 | 11.93 | 0.09 | 0.83 | 2.72 |
聚落 | 0.19 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.97 | 0.03 | 0.004 |
荒漠 | 1.44 | 0.36 | 10.39 | 1.74 | 0.35 | 105.82 | 7.52 |
其他 | 0.20 | 1.48 | 16.91 | 1.21 | 0.04 | 4.06 | 39.23 |
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