地理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (2): 471-486.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202102016
廖柳文1,2(), 高晓路2(
), 龙花楼2, 汤礼莎2,3, 陈坤秋2, 马恩朴4
收稿日期:
2020-05-05
修回日期:
2021-01-12
出版日期:
2021-02-25
发布日期:
2021-04-25
作者简介:
廖柳文(1990-), 女, 湖南醴陵人, 博士, 研究方向为城乡发展与土地利用。E-mail: 基金资助:
LIAO Liuwen1,2(), GAO Xiaolu2(
), LONG Hualou2, TANG Lisha2,3, CHEN Kunqiu2, MA Enpu4
Received:
2020-05-05
Revised:
2021-01-12
Published:
2021-02-25
Online:
2021-04-25
Supported by:
摘要:
土地利用形态是土地利用转型研究的核心内容。农户土地利用决策是引起土地利用系统变化与土地利用转型的深层因素,当前学者从多个视角对耕地利用形态展开了系列的理论与实证研究,但从农户层面深入探讨耕地利用隐性形态及其形成机理的研究相对较少。为揭示农户耕地利用隐性形态的差异及其影响因素,本文以农户耕地利用效率为切入点基于平原区寿光市和山区沂源县农户调研数据,从农户家庭劳动力要素变动与农业生产决策视角对农户的耕地利用效率进行了测算,构建结构方程模型探讨了农户耕地利用效率的驱动机制。研究表明,寿光市和沂源县耕地利用效率较低,并且存在地貌类型和农户类型上的差异,平原(寿光市)耕地利用效率要高于山区(沂源县),老年农户耕地利用效率低于年轻农户。在影响路径方面,农户耕地经营规模、生产要素投入和耕地产出直接影响耕地利用效率,而种植结构对耕地利用效率的影响不显著。
廖柳文, 高晓路, 龙花楼, 汤礼莎, 陈坤秋, 马恩朴. 基于农户利用效率的平原和山区耕地利用形态比较[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(2): 471-486.
LIAO Liuwen, GAO Xiaolu, LONG Hualou, TANG Lisha, CHEN Kunqiu, MA Enpu. A comparative study of farmland use morphology in plain and mountainous areas based on farmers' land use efficiency[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(2): 471-486.
表1
样本基本特征
变量名称 | 变量说明及样本占比(%) | ||
---|---|---|---|
个人属性 | 年龄 | 44岁及以下(P:19.35; M:6.36);45~59岁(P:55.38; M:48.18);60岁及以上(P:25.27; M:45.45) | |
性别 | 男(P:65.59; M:56.36);女(P:34.41; M:43.64) | ||
文化程度 | 小学及以下(P:27.42; M:68.18);初中(P:53.23; M:24.55);高中(中专)(P:18.82; M:6.36);大专及以上(P:0.53; M:0.91) | ||
健康程度 | 健康(P:74.73; M:44.55);一般(P:16.67; M:30.00);较差(P:8.60; M:25.45) | ||
务农年限 | 10年及以下(P:25.81; M:23.64);11~20年(P:31.18; M:12.73);21~30年(P:27.42; M:16.36);31年以上(P:15.59; M:47.27) | ||
家庭农业 劳动力状况 | 农业劳动力数量 | 家庭农业劳动力数量:1~2人(P:82.80; M:94.55);3~4人(P:16.67; M:5.45);4人以上(P:0.53; M:0) | |
农业劳动力质量 | 家庭健康农业劳动力占比:0(P:20.97; M:60.00);(0, 1)(P:13.98; M:13.64);1(P:65.05; M:26.36) | ||
农业劳动力结构 | 老年农业劳动力占比:0(P:72.04; M:50.91);(0, 1)(P:12.90; M:8.18);1(P:15.05; M:40.91) | ||
农业 生产 特征 | 耕地经营规模 | 家庭实际耕作面积 | 2亩及以下(P:13.44; M:24.55);(2, 6]亩(P:54.30; M:56.36);(6, 10]亩(P:21.51; M:16.36);10亩以上(P:10.75; M:2.73) |
转入耕地面积 | 0亩(P:55.38; M:79.09);(0, 4]亩(P:29.57; M:17.27);(4, 8]亩(P:9.68; M:2.73);8亩以上(P:5.37; M:0.91) | ||
转出耕地面积 | 0亩(P:84.95; M:90.00);(0, 4]亩(P:13.44; M:9.09);(4, 8]亩(P:1.61; M:0.91) | ||
撂荒耕地面积 | 0亩(P:98.92; M:86.36);(0, 1]亩(P:0.54; M:9.09);(1, 3]亩(P:0.54; M:2.73);3亩以上(P:0; M:1.82) | ||
农业收支情况 | 农业收入 | ≤ 1万(P:2.69; M:34.55);(1, 3]万(P:9.68; M:44.55);(3, 5]万(P:9.14; M:11.82);(5, 7]万(P:7.53; M:4.55);(7, 9]万(P:11.83; M:3.64);>9万(P:59.13; M:0.91) | |
经济作物产值变化 | 减少(P:8.06; M:12.73);基本没变(P:29.03; M:44.55);增加(P:62.90; M:42.73) | ||
粮食作物产值变化 | 减少(P:12.37; M:40.91);基本没变(P:84.95; M:59.09);增加(P:2.69; M:0) | ||
农业支出 | ≤ 1万(P:13.98; M:67.27);(1, 3]万(P:41.40; M:28.18);(3, 5]万(P:22.04; M:4.55);(5, 7]万(P:9.68; M:0);(7, 9]万(P:5.91; M:0);>9万(P:6.99; M:0) | ||
种植结构变化 | 经济作物面积变化 | 减少(P:7.53; M:10.00);基本没变(P:56.99; M:51.82);增加(P:35.48; M:38.18) | |
粮食作物面积变化 | 减少(P:13.44; M:40.91);基本没变(P:86.56; M:59.09);增加(P:0; M:0) | ||
耕地条件 | 灌溉条件 | 滴灌(P:60.75; M:0);喷灌(P:10.22; M:7.27);漫灌(P:25.81; M:62.73);其他(P:3.23; M:30.00) | |
耕地肥力状况 | 好(P:65.05; M:33.64);一般(P:33.87; M:52.73);坏(P:1.08; M:13.64) | ||
主要耕作方式 | 人工耕种(P:9.68; M:76.36);半机械化耕种(P:87.10; M:21.82);机械化耕种(P:3.23; M:1.82) |
表2
寿光市和沂源县耕地利用效率类型及其农户占比(%)
类型 | 低效率 | 较低效率 | 中等效率 | 较高效率 | 高效率 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(0, 0.10] | (0.10, 0.30] | (0.30, 0.50] | (0.50, 0.70] | (0.70, 1] | |
寿光市 | 8.70 | 51.09 | 33.15 | 4.89 | 2.17 |
年轻农户 | 8.33 | 61.11 | 22.22 | 5.56 | 2.78 |
中年农户 | 6.86 | 45.10 | 41.18 | 5.88 | 0.98 |
老年农户 | 13.04 | 56.52 | 23.91 | 2.17 | 4.35 |
沂源县 | 49.09 | 41.82 | 7.27 | 0.91 | 0.91 |
年轻农户 | 62.50 | 12.50 | 25.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
中年农户 | 49.06 | 41.51 | 5.66 | 1.89 | 1.89 |
老年农户 | 46.00 | 46.00 | 8.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
表3
寿光市和沂源县不同类型农户生产投入与耕地利用效率
类型 | 耕作面积(亩) | 农业资金投入(万元) | 农业产出(万元) | 农业劳动力(人) | 耕地利用效率 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
寿光市 | 5.98 | 3.97 | 11.75 | 2.23 | 0.29 |
年轻农户 | 7.98 | 5.22 | 14.31 | 2.58 | 0.27 |
中年农户 | 5.89 | 4.26 | 12.43 | 2.05 | 0.30 |
老年农户 | 4.61 | 2.37 | 8.23 | 2.37 | 0.26 |
沂源县 | 4.31 | 1.19 | 2.40 | 2.02 | 0.13 |
年轻农户 | 4.16 | 1.36 | 1.79 | 2.14 | 0.10 |
中年农户 | 5.08 | 1.37 | 2.74 | 2.00 | 0.14 |
老年农户 | 0.22 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.01 |
表4
农户耕地利用效率的结构方程模型路径检验
作用路径 | 非标准化估计值 | 标准化估计值 | S.E. | C.R. | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
经营规模→耕地利用效率 | -0.480 | -0.495 | 0.272 | -1.763 | * |
耕地投入→耕地利用效率 | -0.249 | -0.257 | 0.076 | -3.289 | *** |
耕地产出→耕地利用效率 | 1.381 | 1.425 | 0.309 | 4.469 | *** |
种植结构→耕地利用效率 | -0.025 | -0.025 | 0.043 | -0.575 | 0.565 |
经营规模→a1 | 0.861 | 0.863 | 0.047 | 18.255 | *** |
经营规模→a2 | 0.943 | 0.945 | 0.045 | 21.089 | *** |
经营规模→a3 | -0.091 | -0.096 | 0.057 | -1.603 | 0.109 |
经营规模→a4 | -0.067 | -0.053 | 0.077 | -0.875 | 0.381 |
经营规模→a11 | 0.219 | 0.217 | 0.056 | 3.930 | *** |
耕地投入→a5 | 0.875 | 0.877 | 0.080 | 10.992 | *** |
耕地投入→a6 | 0.134 | 0.134 | 0.066 | 2.025 | ** |
耕地投入→a7 | 0.244 | 0.246 | 0.063 | 3.854 | *** |
耕地投入→a8 | -0.325 | -0.326 | 0.064 | -5.090 | *** |
耕地投入→a10 | 0.209 | 0.209 | 0.077 | 2.713 | *** |
耕地投入→a12 | 0.168 | 0.167 | 0.063 | 2.658 | *** |
耕地产出→a9 | 0.980 | 0.981 | 0.051 | 19.167 | *** |
耕地产出→a10 | -0.015 | -0.015 | 0.077 | -0.194 | 0.846 |
种植结构→a4 | 0.165 | 0.129 | 0.076 | 2.164 | ** |
种植结构→a11 | -0.946 | -0.936 | 0.091 | -10.386 | *** |
种植结构→a12 | 0.281 | 0.278 | 0.060 | 4.644 | *** |
a7→a4 | -0.164 | -0.128 | 0.074 | -2.227 | ** |
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