地理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (1): 153-166.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202101012
收稿日期:
2019-12-20
修回日期:
2020-10-31
出版日期:
2021-01-25
发布日期:
2021-03-25
作者简介:
陈娜(1979-), 女, 湖南长沙人, 博士, 副教授, 研究方向为韧性城市理论及实践。E-mail: 基金资助:
CHEN Na1(), REN Anzhi1, MA Bo2, LI Jingyu1, XIANG Hui1(
)
Received:
2019-12-20
Revised:
2020-10-31
Published:
2021-01-25
Online:
2021-03-25
Supported by:
摘要:
发达国家的经验表明,基于低影响开发的雨洪管理措施可以有效缓解城市雨洪灾害。聚焦中国海绵城市建设过程中新旧城区的关联性问题,提出“现状评估—低影响开发指标分解—建设效果模拟验证”的雨洪管控路径。以湖南省凤凰县为例,基于城市内涝模型,对新旧城区进行雨洪风险性评估与改造可行性评估,在现状评估基础上,构建低影响开发控制指标分解体系,实现低影响开发理念和技术从宏观控制策略到详细规划过程中的落实,最后通过内涝节点的滞水量计算验证雨洪管控效果。结果表明:凤凰县旧城区所面临的雨洪淹没风险高于新城区;旧城区现状年径流总量控制率明显低于新城区,且旧城区改造可行性较低。在新旧城区协调统筹的整体性视角下,构建“城区—街区—地块”的三级指标分解体系可以实现径流总量与峰值的消减,但在暴雨情境下,单独依靠低影响开发措施缓解内涝较为困难,基于滞水量完善灰色基础设施可以有效控制短时强降雨导致的雨洪灾害。
陈娜, 任安之, 马伯, 黎璟玉, 向辉. 湖南省凤凰县城雨洪管控路径[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(1): 153-166.
CHEN Na, REN Anzhi, MA Bo, LI Jingyu, XIANG Hui. Stormwater management path in Fenghuang, Hunan[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(1): 153-166.
表1
各分区现状年径流总量控制率计算结果
编号 | 所在片区 | 面积 (km2) | 综合雨量 径流系数 | 总降雨量(万m3/h) P = 5年 | 管网排水 能力比 | 现状年径流总量 控制率(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G | 古城保护区 | 1.98 | 0.72 | 10.43 | 0.69 | 30 |
ZX | 中心城区 | 2.44 | 0.35 | 10.6 | 0.59 | 35 |
ZD | 中心东城区 | 1.65 | 0.35 | 5.46 | 0.32 | 42 |
XB | 城北新城区 | 8.61 | 0.09 | 36.38 | 0.27 | 60 |
XX | 新城区城中 | 10.76 | O.12 | 53.91 | 0.47 | 45 |
XL | 廖家桥新城区 | 6.34 | 0.28 | 30.9 | 0.22 | 55 |
XF | 风鸣谷新城区 | 1.35 | 0.54 | 2.35 | — | 45 |
表2
低影响开发单元年径流总量控制目标计算结果举例
街区编号 | 现状年径流总量 控制率(%) | 地块面积(hm2) | 下垫面综合雨量 径流系数 | LID设计调蓄 容积(m3) | 年径流总量控制率(%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
最小值 | 最大值 | |||||
G-01 | 30 | 3.83 | 0.59 | 160.33 | 35 | 40 |
G-02 | 30 | 21.77 | 0.48 | 144.09 | 50 | 60 |
G-03 | 30 | 23.12 | 0.54 | 309.42 | 40 | 50 |
G-04 | 30 | 9.40 | 0.72 | 329.61 | 35 | 40 |
G-05 | 30 | 11.74 | 0.49 | 300.12 | 40 | 50 |
G-06 | 30 | 13.91 | 0.67 | 710.31 | 35 | 40 |
G-07 | 30 | 17.47 | 0.53 | 207.16 | 40 | 50 |
G-08 | 30 | 9.34 | 0.49 | 92.57 | 50 | 60 |
G-09 | 30 | 21.90 | 0.5 | 258.22 | 60 | 70 |
G-10 | 30 | 4.76 | 0.52 | 50.79 | 50 | 60 |
表3
新城区X-02地块海绵城市设施指标数量和年径流总量控制率核算表
编号 | 用地 性质 | 总面积(hm2) | 透水混凝土路面(hm2) | 绿化平屋面(hm2) | 透水铺装有机动车(hm2) | 透水铺装无机动车(hm2) | 生物滞留设施(hm2) | 植草沟 (hm2) | 下沉式绿地(hm2) | 综合 径流 系数 | 单位面积控制容积(m3) | LID 调蓄容 积(m3) | 最大年径流控制率(%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X2-1 | W | 17.05 | 1.28 | 2.45 | 1.28 | 0.57 | 177.78 | 2657.26 | 84.5 | ||||||
X2-2 | M | 7.74 | 1.93 | 3.71 | 0.1 | 0.24 | 75.37 | 200.97 | 85.0 | ||||||
X2-3 | B | 0.67 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.44 | 138.57 | 121.06 | 85.0 | ||||||
X2-4 | M | 20.88 | 5.22 | 10.02 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 75.37 | 542.48 | 85.0 | ||||||
X2-5 | G | 0.34 | 0.01 | 0.26 | 82.02 | 36.02 | 85.0 | ||||||||
X2-6 | R | 15.72 | 0.31 | 0.94 | 0.44 | 0.5 | 0.13 | 0.63 | 0.5 | 151.30 | 1960.59 | 83.9 | |||
… | |||||||||||||||
X2-28 | U | 0.6 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.44 | 138.57 | 109.67 | 85.0 | ||||||
X2-29 | G | 0.44 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.26 | 82.02 | 47.28 | 85.0 | |||||||
… | |||||||||||||||
X2-32 | A | 0.47 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.42 | 121.21 | 68.93 | 82.5 |
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