湖南省凤凰县城雨洪管控路径

doi:10.11821/dlxb202101012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

发达国家的经验表明,基于低影响开发的雨洪管理措施可以有效缓解城市雨洪灾害。聚焦中国海绵城市建设过程中新旧城区的关联性问题,提出“现状评估—低影响开发指标分解—建设效果模拟验证”的雨洪管控路径。以湖南省凤凰县为例,基于城市内涝模型,对新旧城区进行雨洪风险性评估与改造可行性评估,在现状评估基础上,构建低影响开发控制指标分解体系,实现低影响开发理念和技术从宏观控制策略到详细规划过程中的落实,最后通过内涝节点的滞水量计算验证雨洪管控效果。结果表明：凤凰县旧城区所面临的雨洪淹没风险高于新城区;旧城区现状年径流总量控制率明显低于新城区,且旧城区改造可行性较低。在新旧城区协调统筹的整体性视角下,构建“城区—街区—地块”的三级指标分解体系可以实现径流总量与峰值的消减,但在暴雨情境下,单独依靠低影响开发措施缓解内涝较为困难,基于滞水量完善灰色基础设施可以有效控制短时强降雨导致的雨洪灾害。

关键词: 新旧城区, 海绵城市, 低影响开发, 雨洪管控

Abstract:

Practices in developed countries reveal that low impact development based on rainfall flooding control measures can effectively alleviate rainfall flooding. Focusing on the relevance of new and old towns in the development of sponge cities in China, we try to put forward a stormwater management path of "present situation appraisal - decomposition of low impact development indicators - simulation and verification of construction result". A case study is unfolded on Fenghuang County, Hunan Province. On the basis of urban waterlogging model, the rainfall flooding risk evaluation and renewal feasibility evaluation is conducted on the new and old towns; based on the evaluation of the present situation, a low impact development control indicator decomposition system is established accordingly to implement low impact development conceptually and technically from macro control strategy to detailed planning, and the validity of this path is verified through simulation of the water accumulating volume of the stagnant point. The results indicate that the old towns of Fenghuang County have a higher rainfall flooding risk and an evidently lower current annual runoff volume control rate than the new towns, however, the old towns have a much lower transformation feasibility than the new towns due to large historical and cultural preservation areas and a lower terrain. From the perspective of the integrity of new and old towns, more runoff discharge and peak runoff can be reduced by establishing a three-level (Proper-Block-Plot) indicator decomposition system so as to lighten the pressure of flood disaster in the lower old towns. However, under the circumstance of heavy rainstorm, it is still very difficult to solve the problem of waterlogging only by low impact development facilities, and grey infrastructures based on water accumulating volume calculation are also needed in order to efficiently control water logging caused by short intense rainfall.

Key words: new and old towns, sponge city, low impact development, stormwater management

陈娜, 任安之, 马伯, 黎璟玉, 向辉. 湖南省凤凰县城雨洪管控路径[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(1): 153-166.

CHEN Na, REN Anzhi, MA Bo, LI Jingyu, XIANG Hui. Stormwater management path in Fenghuang, Hunan[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(1): 153-166.

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编号	所在片区	面积 (km²)	综合雨量径流系数	总降雨量(万m3/h) P = 5年	管网排水能力比	现状年径流总量控制率(%)
G	古城保护区	1.98	0.72	10.43	0.69	30
ZX	中心城区	2.44	0.35	10.6	0.59	35
ZD	中心东城区	1.65	0.35	5.46	0.32	42
XB	城北新城区	8.61	0.09	36.38	0.27	60
XX	新城区城中	10.76	O.12	53.91	0.47	45
XL	廖家桥新城区	6.34	0.28	30.9	0.22	55
XF	风鸣谷新城区	1.35	0.54	2.35	—	45

街区编号	现状年径流总量控制率(%)	地块面积(hm²)	下垫面综合雨量径流系数	LID设计调蓄容积(m³)	年径流总量控制率(%)
街区编号	现状年径流总量控制率(%)	地块面积(hm²)	下垫面综合雨量径流系数	LID设计调蓄容积(m³)	最小值	最大值
G-01	30	3.83	0.59	160.33	35	40
G-02	30	21.77	0.48	144.09	50	60
G-03	30	23.12	0.54	309.42	40	50
G-04	30	9.40	0.72	329.61	35	40
G-05	30	11.74	0.49	300.12	40	50
G-06	30	13.91	0.67	710.31	35	40
G-07	30	17.47	0.53	207.16	40	50
G-08	30	9.34	0.49	92.57	50	60
G-09	30	21.90	0.5	258.22	60	70
G-10	30	4.76	0.52	50.79	50	60

编号			透水混凝土路面(hm²)	绿化平屋面(hm²)	透水铺装有机动车(hm²)	透水铺装无机动车(hm²)	生物滞留设施(hm²)	植草沟 (hm²)	下沉式绿地(hm²)	综合径流系数	单位面积控制容积(m³)	LID 调蓄容积(m³)	最大年径流控制率(%)
X2-1	W	17.05	1.28	2.45					1.28	0.57	177.78	2657.26	84.5
X2-2	M	7.74	1.93	3.71					0.1	0.24	75.37	200.97	85.0
X2-3	B	0.67	0.02	0.03					0.06	0.44	138.57	121.06	85.0
X2-4	M	20.88	5.22	10.02					0.26	0.24	75.37	542.48	85.0
X2-5	G	0.34					0.01			0.26	82.02	36.02	85.0
X2-6	R	15.72	0.31	0.94	0.44	0.5		0.13	0.63	0.5	151.30	1960.59	83.9
…
X2-28	U	0.6	0.02	0.03					0.05	0.44	138.57	109.67	85.0
X2-29	G	0.44					0.01		0.01	0.26	82.02	47.28	85.0
…
X2-32	A	0.47	0.01	0.02					0.03	0.42	121.21	68.93	82.5